ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2020
The economic case for prevention of population vitamin D deficiency: a modelling study using data from England and Wales.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation using different lipid delivery systems in middle-aged and older adults: a randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- From the Vitamin D Paradox to Precision Nutrition: Targeted Supplementation, Assay Pitfalls, and Clinical Decision-Making.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Fortification of Dairy Products in the United Kingdom: What Are the Barriers?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Rethinking Vitamin D Deficiency: Controversies and Practical Guidance for Clinical Management.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Differential diagnosis of heritable and acquired osteomalacia in children: biochemical and biomaterial signatures.Calcified tissue international · 2025Review
- Assessment of Vitamin D Status in the Drâa-Tafilalet Population (Morocco) Based on Sociodemographic, Health, and Nutritional Factors.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Impact of Vitamin Deficiencies on Oral Manifestations in Children.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Association of bone mineralization markers with dietary nutrient intake in adolescents with and without biochemical osteomalacia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Establishing the Prevalence of Osteomalacia in Arab Adolescents Using Biochemical Markers of Bone Health.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Vitamin D deficiency in British South Asians, a persistent but avoidable problem associated with many health risks (including rickets, T2DM, CVD, COVID-19 and pregnancy complications): the case for correcting this deficiency.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Vitamin D status of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS).The British journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- The burden of vitamin D deficiency in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Influence of maternal socioeconomic deprivation and living environment on newborn bloodspot 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is negatively associated with severe periodontitis: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Improving Vitamin D Intake in Young Children-Can an Infographic Help Parents and Carers Understand the Recommendations?Nutrients · 2021Article
- Obesity-related asthma in children: A role for vitamin D.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Review
- The evident and the hidden factors of vitamin D status in older people during COVID-19 pandemic.Nutrire : revista de Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentacao e Nutricao = journal of the Brazilian Society of Food and Nutrition · 2021Review
- Nutritional rickets & osteomalacia: A practical approach to management.The Indian journal of medical research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) affects the health and wellbeing of millions worldwide. In high latitude countries such as the United Kingdom (UK), severe complications disproportionally affect ethnic minority groups.
objectiveTo develop a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost effectiveness of population strategies to prevent VDD.
methodsAn individual-level simulation model was used to compare: (I) wheat flour fortification; (II) supplementation of at-risk groups; and (III) combined flour fortification and supplementation; with (IV) a 'no additional intervention' scenario, reflecting the current Vitamin D policy in the UK. We simulated the whole population over 90 years. Data from national nutrition surveys were used to estimate the risk of deficiency under the alternative scenarios. Costs incurred by the health care sector, the government, local authorities, and the general public were considered. Results were expressed as total cost and effect of each strategy, and as the cost per 'prevented case of VDD' and the 'cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY)'.
resultsWheat flour fortification was cost saving as its costs were more than offset by the cost savings from preventing VDD. The combination of supplementation and fortification was cost effective (£9.5 per QALY gained). The model estimated that wheat flour fortification alone would result in 25% fewer cases of VDD, while the combined strategy would reduce the number of cases by a further 8%.
conclusionThere is a strong economic case for fortifying wheat flour with Vitamin D, alone or in combination with targeted vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.