ReviewVaccines2019
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures-An Indian Perspective.
Review in Vaccines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- An Overview of Epidemiological Tools That Support the Progress of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control in Southeast Asia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Differential effects of foot-and-mouth disease infection and vaccination on fertility of Holstein-Friesian heifers: Evidence from a within-animal retrospective study in Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Estimation of seroconversion and vaccination impact against FMD in India during 2006-2022 using survey sampling and Bayesian approaches.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization and vaccine matching of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of acute phase protein, cardiac marker, and antioxidant enzymes in Madura Cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Serological Detection of O-Type and A-Type Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tongliao City, 2021-2022.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal epidemiology of FMD in Bhutan (2011-2019).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- First report of lumpy skin disease and foot-and-mouth disease co-infection in India.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Controlling endemic foot-and-mouth disease: Vaccination is more important than movement bans. A simulation study in the Republic of Turkey.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Monoclonal antibody based competitive 3AB non-structural protein ELISA for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Design and application of expression constructs for FMDV serotype O structural proteins.Biotechnology letters · 2025Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease: genomic and proteomic structure, antigenic sites, serotype relationships, immune evasion, recent vaccine development strategies, and future perspectives.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Spatial-temporal distribution and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java Island, Indonesia from 2022 to 2023.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Molecular Farming for Immunization: Current Advances and Future Prospects in Plant-Produced Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The isolation and serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Iran during 2019-2022.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease using immunoinformatics approach.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Advancements in antiviral approaches against foot-and-mouth disease virus: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Preliminary evaluation of a novel serotype O foot-and-mouth disease mRNA vaccine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Isolated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses Circulating in Cattle in The Mekong Delta Provinces, Vietnam.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A mass vaccination campaign in India seeks to control and eventually eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Biosanitary measures along with FMD monitoring are being conducted along with vaccination. The implementation of the FMD control program has drastically reduced the incidence of FMD. However, cases are still reported, even in regions where vaccination is carried out regularly. Control of FMD outbreaks is difficult when the virus remains in circulation in the vaccinated population. Various FMD risk factors have been identified that are responsible for FMD in vaccinated areas. The factors are discussed along with strategies to address these challenges. The current chemically inactivated trivalent vaccine formulation containing strains of serotype O, A, and Asia 1 has limitations including thermolability and induction of only short-term immunity. Advantages and disadvantages of several new-generation alternate vaccine formulations are discussed. It is unfeasible to study every incidence of FMD in vaccinated animals/areas in such a big country as India with its huge livestock population. However, at the same time, it is absolutely necessary to identify the precise reason for vaccination failure. Failure to vaccinate is one reason for the occurrence of FMD in vaccinated areas. FMD epidemiology, emerging and re-emerging virus strains, and serological status over the past 10 years are discussed to understand the impact of vaccination and incidences of vaccination failure in India. Other factors that are important in vaccination failure that we discuss include disrupted herd immunity, health status of animals, FMD carrier status, and FMD prevalence in other species. Recommendations to boost the search of alternate vaccine formulation, strengthen the veterinary infrastructure, bolster the real-time monitoring of FMD, as well as a detailed investigation and documentation of every case of vaccination failure are provided with the goal of refining the control program.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.