Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31423596›Full record

ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2020

Measuring strengths and weaknesses in dimensional psychiatry.

Lindsay M Alexander, Giovanni A Salum, James M Swanson, Michael P Milham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Multiscale Heterogeneity of White Matter Morphometry in Psychiatric Disorders.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Parsing the heterogeneity of social motivation in autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Social Effort Discounting Reveals Domain-General and Social-Specific Motivation Components.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025
    Article
  10. Transitive inference in a clinical childhood sample with a focus on autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. IQ Modulates Coupling Between Diverse Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lindsay M AlexanderCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Giovanni A SalumDepartment of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
James M SwansonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Michael P MilhamCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

Predicting Heterogeneous Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in School-age Children with Early Caregiving AdversitiesR01MH091864 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MILHAM, MICHAEL PETER, TOTTENHAM, NIM · 2010 to 2022
$5.1M
Longitudinal Discovery of Brain Developmental TrajectoriesU01MH099059 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI MILHAM, MICHAEL PETER · 2013 to 2017
$3.7M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH091864NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH099059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Extended Strengths and Weaknesses Assessment of Normal Behavior (E-SWAN) reconceptualizes each diagnostic criterion for selected DSM-5 disorders as a behavior, which can range from high (strengths) to low (weaknesses). Initial development focused on Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Major Depression, and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

methodsData were collected from 523 participants (ages 6-17). Parents completed each of the four E-SWAN scales and traditional unidirectional scales addressing the same disorders. Distributional properties, Item Response Theory Analysis (IRT), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess and compare the performance of E-SWAN and traditional scales.

resultsIn contrast to the traditional scales, which exhibited truncated distributions, all four E-SWAN scales had symmetric distributions. IRT analyses indicate the E-SWAN subscales provided reliable information about respondents throughout the population distribution; traditional scales only provided reliable information about respondents at the high end of the distribution. Predictive value for DSM-5 diagnoses was comparable to prior scales.

conclusionsE-SWAN bidirectional scales can capture the full spectrum of the population distribution of behavior underlying DSM disorders. The additional information provided can better inform examination of inter-individual variation in population studies, as well as facilitate the identification of factors related to resiliency in clinical samples.

Indexed as

AdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleMental DisordersPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPsychiatryPsychometricsmethodologyQuestionnairesrating scales

Identifiers

PMID31423596
PMCPMC6916607

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.