ReviewPaediatric respiratory reviews2019
Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update.
Review in Paediatric respiratory reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus co-colonization in healthy children under five years: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Pneumococcal disease in children in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A systematic literature review of clinical burden, serotype distribution, and vaccination programs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- The association between bacteria colonizing the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract infection in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Lung ultrasound and procalcitonin, improving antibiotic management and avoiding radiation exposure in pediatric critical patients with bacterial pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of medical research · 2024Trial
- Functional in-vitro evaluation of the non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in a randomised controlled clinical study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Admission SpOTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Predictors of Mortality in Children Admitted With Pneumonia to a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Serum procalcitonin as a predictor of severity of pneumonia in under-five children: A prospective observational study.World journal of methodology · 2026Article
- Determinants of delay in treatment-seeking for under-five pneumonia among caregivers in public health facilities in waliso town, Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Hydrological and Household Influences.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Trends and projections in the burden of congenital heart disease among children under 5 years, 1990-2035.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Long-term burden, trends, and inequality of lower respiratory infections attributable toTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association of complete blood count parameters with adverse outcomes in acute pediatric pneumonia.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Evaluation and Comparison of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices and Treatment Outcomes in Children with Pneumonia Admitted to Public and Private Hospitals in Pakistan: A Retrospective Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Observational
- Vitamin D Roles Across Developmental Stages in Pediatric Pneumonia: Linking Genetics, Microbiome, Maternal Status and Immunity.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Multi-Stage Respiratory Sound Analysis: Confidence-Driven Wheeze and Crackle Detection.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Urban air pollution, green space, and pneumonia risk: a spatial analysis across health zones in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the performance of community health care providers in detecting fast breathing in children using a reference video expert panel in Bangladesh.Discover public health · 2026Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo review epidemiology, aetiology and management of childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries.
designReview of published English literature between 2013 and 2019.
resultsPneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include young age, malnutrition, immunosuppression, tobacco smoke or air pollution exposure. Better methods for specimen collection and molecular diagnostics have improved microbiological diagnosis, indicating that pneumonia results from several organisms interacting. Induced sputum increases microbiologic yield for Bordetella pertussis or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has been associated with pneumonia in high TB prevalence areas. The proportion of cases due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae b has declined with new conjugate vaccines; Staphylococcus aureus and H. influenzae non-type b are the commonest bacterial pathogens; viruses are the most common pathogens. Effective interventions comprise antibiotics, oxygen and non-invasive ventilation. New vaccines have reduced severity and incidence of disease, but disparities exist in uptake.
conclusionMorbidity and mortality from childhood pneumonia has decreased but a considerable preventable burden remains. Widespread implementation of available, effective interventions and development of novel strategies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.