ReviewTrends in cancer2019
Improving CNS Delivery to Brain Metastases by Blood-Tumor Barrier Disruption.
Review in Trends in cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer Brain Metastases: Dose Optimization and Prognostic Prediction via Biologically Effective Dose-Based Empirical Dose-Response Modeling and Extreme Gradient Boosting-SHapley Additive Explanations Machine Learning.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- ADMET-Guided Design and In Silico Planning of Boron Delivery Systems for BNCT: From Transport and Biodistribution to PBPK-Informed Irradiation Windows.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An organ-on-a-chip investigation into dose-dependent, temporal dynamic effects of radiosurgery on the blood-brain barrier and its immunological response.Brain research · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, Imaging Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Advances of Neovascularization in Brain Metastases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier alterations as an initiator of brain metastasis from lung cancer: a new take on an old story.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Review
- Resistance mutations and the blood-brain barrier: Key challenges in targeted treatment of brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Pan-cancer human brain metastases atlas at single-cell resolution.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability via JNK Signaling Pathway: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke, Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma Brain Metastasis: A New Potential Target?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- GRB2 promotes brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer by regulating the Ras/MAPK pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Utilization of nanotechnology to surmount the blood-brain barrier in disorders of the central nervous system.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology Driven Lipid and Metalloid Based Formulations Targeting Blood-Brain Barrier (3B) for Brain Tumor.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- In situ albumin tagging for targeted imaging of endothelial barrier disruption.Science advances · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Blood-Brain Barrier Paradox in Brain Metastasis Development and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Single Exposure to Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Causes Biphasic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier Through Secondary Mechanisms.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Unraveling Neurological Drug Delivery: Polymeric Nanocarriers for Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Emerging Therapies for Brain Metastases in NSCLC, Breast Cancer, and Melanoma: A Critical Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastases encompass nearly 80% of all intracranial tumors. A late stage diagnosis confers a poor prognosis, with patients typically surviving less than 2 years. Poor survival can be equated to limited effective treatment modalities. One reason for the failure rates is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) that limit the access of potentially effective chemotherapeutics to metastatic lesions. Strategies to overcome these barriers include new small molecule entities capable of crossing into the brain parenchyma, novel formulations of existing chemotherapies, and disruptive techniques. Here, we review BBB physiology and BTB pathophysiology. Additionally, we review the limitations of routinely practiced therapies and three current methods being explored for BBB/BTB disruption for improved delivery of chemotherapy to brain tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.