Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31421676›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health and preventive medicine2019

Seroprevalence of influenza A virus in pigs and low risk of acute respiratory illness among pig workers in Kenya.

Eric Mogaka Osoro, Shirley Lidechi, Doris Marwanga, Jeremiah Nyaundi, Athman Mwatondo, Mathew Muturi, Zipporah Ng'ang'a, Kariuki Njenga

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health and preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Eric Mogaka OsoroJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya. eric.osoro@wsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-4279
Shirley LidechiKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Doris MarwangaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jeremiah NyaundiKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Athman MwatondoMinistry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Mathew MuturiMinistry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Nairobi, Kenya.
Zipporah Ng'ang'aJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kariuki NjengaWashington State University, Pullman, USA.
Kenya Medical Research Institute · KEJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology · KEMinistry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries · KEMinistry of Health · KEWashington State University · US

Funding

CGH CDC HHS Core fundingNIAID NIH HHS HHSN266200700007C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfluenza A viruses pose a significant risk to human health because of their wide host range and ability to reassort into novel viruses that can cause serious disease and pandemics. Since transmission of these viruses between humans and pigs can be associated with occupational and environmental exposures, we investigated the association between occupational exposure to pigs, occurrence of acute respiratory illness (ARI), and influenza A virus infection.

methodsThe study was conducted in Kiambu County, the county with the highest level of intensive small-scale pig farming in Kenya. Up to 3 participants (> 2 years old) per household from pig-keeping and non-pig-keeping households were randomly recruited and followed up in 2013 (Sept-Dec) and 2014 (Apr-Aug). Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from participants with ARI at the time of study visit. For the animal study, nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, and serum samples were collected from pigs and poultry present in enrolled households. The human and animal swab samples were tested for viral nucleic acid by RT-PCR and sera by ELISA for antibodies. A Poisson generalized linear mixed-effects model was developed to assess the association between pig exposure and occurrence of ARI.

resultsOf 1137 human participants enrolled, 625 (55%) completed follow-up visits including 172 (27.5%) pig workers and 453 (72.5%) non-pig workers. Of 130 human NP/OP swabs tested, four (3.1%) were positive for influenza A virus, one pig worker, and three among non-pig workers. Whereas none of the 4462 swabs collected from pig and poultry tested positive for influenza A virus by RT-PCR, 265 of 4273 (6.2%) of the sera tested positive for virus antibodies by ELISA, including 11.6% (230/1990) of the pigs and 1.5% (35/2,283) of poultry. The cumulative incidence of ARI was 16.9% among pig workers and 26.9% among the non-pig workers. The adjusted risk ratio for the association between being a pig worker and experiencing an episode of ARI was 0.56 (95% CI [0.33, 0.93]), after adjusting for potential confounders.

conclusionsOur findings demonstrate moderate seropositivity for influenza A virus among pigs, suggesting the circulation of swine influenza virus and a potential for interspecies transmission.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAnimalsAntibodies, ViralChildFemaleHumansIncidenceInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanKenyaMaleMiddle AgedOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsPharynxPoultryAntibodies, ViralRNA, ViralAcute respiratory illnessInfluenza A virusPig workersZoonoses

Identifiers

PMID31421676
PMCPMC6698327
OpenAlexW2967836416

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.