ArticleEnvironment international2019
Regional inequalities in benzene exposures across the European petrochemical industry: A Bayesian multilevel modelling approach.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing solvent extraction methods for activated carbon-based passive samplers in atmospheric volatile organic compound analysis: minimizing analytical interferences from pretreatment solvents and ensuring quantitative reliability.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- What is the spatiotemporal pattern of benzene concentration spread over susceptible area surrounding the Hartman Park community, Houston, Texas?Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Article
- Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 severity: A cohort study in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2023Article
- Examining the risk factors for overweight and obesity among women in Ghana: A multilevel perspective.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Characterizing vulnerabilities to climate change across the United States.Environment international · 2023Article
- The presence of Superfund sites as a determinant of life expectancy in the United States.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Does living close to a petrochemical complex increase the adverse psychological effects of the COVID-19 lockdown?PloS one · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPollutants released from the petrochemical industry are thought to increase the risk of mortality in fence-line communities, yet the results from previous studies are often inconsistent and lack a global perspective, hampered by the absence of cohesive cross-country research.
objectivesTo provide the first Pan-European analysis of benzene exposures from the petrochemical industry, connecting polluting practices to pollution episodes and disparities in regional mortality rates, identifying the measures of best environmental practice to mitigate adverse outcomes.
methodsThe activity, classification and location of onshore petrochemical facilities within EU-28 Member States were extracted from the 'European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register' (E-PRTR), which holds records on 31,753 industrial operations for the reporting period of 2007-15. Parent company records were collected from the Moody's Analytics Amadeus database of 487,338 active companies across Europe. The EUROSTAT census provided records of income, life expectancy, and the underlying demographics used to calculate standardised health outcomes based on 9,936 sub-populations within the NUTS2 regions. The European Environment Agency provided ambient concentrations of benzene from 579 air quality stations. Bayesian multilevel models were constructed to account for variability caused by spatial hierarchical structures, uncertainty in the estimates, and to incorporate both individual and group-level influences.
resultsHigher levels of benzene emissions from petrochemical operations, both overall and in terms of specific pollution events, were associated with increased mortality rates for nearby residential populations, particularly in areas with socioeconomic deprivation. We identify uneven patterns of polluting practices within the industry, and locations that require epidemiological studies.
conclusionsWhile petrochemical facilities in all European Union regions are regulated to be compliant with the annual average benzene limit of 5 μg/m
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