ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2019
Scalp-to-cortex distance of left primary motor cortex and its computational head model: Implications for personalized neuromodulation.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying regions in prefrontal cortex related to working memory improvement: A novel meta-analytic method using electric field modeling.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Measuring motor intent for BCI control-A comparative analysis of signal quality of simultaneously recorded vECoG and scalp EEG.Journal of neural engineering · 2026Article
- Amplitude-modulated kilohertz stimulation targeting beta-band activity disrupts motor learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Scalp-to-Cortex Distance: Implications for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Efficacy in Alcohol Use Disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Sham tDCS controls: blinding, reliability, and a specification-grade checklist.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Methods of Computational Modelling in Studies of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Adults to Inform Protocols for Tinnitus Treatment: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Neuronavigation for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mood Disorders: Technical Foundation, Advances, and Emerging Tools.Human brain mapping · 2025Review
- Characterising resting motor threshold in depressed individuals across life span: a large retrospective study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Differences in scalp-to-cortex tissues across age groups, sexes and brain regions: Implications for neuroimaging and brain stimulation techniques.Neurobiology of aging · 2024Article
- Perspectives on Optimized Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Based on Spatial Electric Field Modeling in Humans.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- fNIRS is capable of distinguishing laterality of lower body contractions.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Electric Field Modeling in Personalizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Interventions.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Automatic analysis of skull thickness, scalp-to-cortex distance and association with age and sex in cognitively normal elderly.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Decoding the radiomic features of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in individuals with accelerated cortical changes: implications for personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2023Article
- Adaptive wireless millirobotic locomotion into distal vasculature.Nature communications · 2022Article
- On-scalp magnetocorticography with optically pumped magnetometers: Simulated performance in resolving simultaneous sources.Neuroimage. Reports · 2022Article
- Static magnetic field stimulation over motor cortex modulates resting functional connectivity in humans.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Radiomics-Informed Modeling for Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation: Age Matters.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is increasingly used as a probe of function and therapeutics in experimental neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. Scalp-to-cortex distance (SCD), as a key parameter, has been shown to potentially impact on the electric field. This study aimed to examine the region-specific SCD and its relationship with cognitive function in the context of age-related brain atrophy.
methodsWe analyzed the SCD and cortical thickness (CT) of left primary motor cortex (M1) in 164 cognitively normal (CN) adults and 43 dementia patients drawn from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). The degree of brain atrophy was measured by the volume of ventricular system. Computational head model was developed to simulate the impact of SCD on the electric field.
resultsIncreased SCD of left M1 was only found in dementia patients (P < .001). When considering CT, the ratio of SCD to CT (F = 27.41, P < .001) showed better differential value than SCD. The SCD of left M1 was associated with worse global cognition (r = -.207, P = .011) and enlarged third ventricle (r = .241, P < .001). The electric field was consequently reduced with the increased SCD across cognitively normal elderly and dementia groups.
conclusionsScalable distance measures, including SCD and CT, are markedly correlated with reduced electric field in dementia patients. The findings suggest that it is important to be aware of region-specific distance measures when conducting NIBS-based rehabilitation in individuals with brain atrophy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.