ArticleNeuro-oncology2019
Integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data analysis of 190 central nervous system germ cell tumors from the iGCT Consortium.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system germ cell tumors.Neuro-oncology · 2022Guideline
- Phase II trial of pathology-based tripartite treatment stratification for patients with CNS germ cell tumors: A long-term follow-up study.Neuro-oncology · 2025Trial
- Germinoma in late adulthood with extensive dissemination: a case report and literature review.Brain tumor pathology · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Genomic Profiling as an Adjunct in a Case of Intracranial Germinoma: Utility and Limitations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Late-onset intracranial adenocarcinoma arising from a germ cell tumor 25 years after initial diagnosis.Brain tumor pathology · 2026Article
- The future of targeted therapies for pediatric central nervous system tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Factors Impeding the Timely Pathologic Diagnosis of Malignant Small Round Blue Cell Tumors in a Pediatric Tertiary Care Center in the Philippines: Identifying Opportunities to Optimize Pediatric Cancer Management.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Bilateral extramidline involvement in intracranial germinoma: diagnostic lessons from a complex presentation.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Crosstalk of cancer stemness-neutrophils in outcome of intracranial germ cell tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Germinomas and Non-germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Surgical Approaches to Pineal Region Tumors.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Long-term trends and disparities in primary intracranial germ cell tumor incidence and mortality for child and adolescent in the USA.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Heterozygous Germline Fanconi Anemia-Related Gene Mutations Increase Susceptibility to Germ Cell Tumors.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Nasal immature teratoma in an elderly patient: Clinicopathological and epigenetic analogies with central nervous system counterparts, alongside genomic divergences.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2025Article
- Mature teratoma with a germinoma component presenting with undetectable placental alkaline phosphatase in cerebrospinal fluid: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Identification of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors Based on Facial Photos: Exploratory Study on the Use of Deep Learning for Software Development.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- The clinical significance of T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in central nervous system germ cell tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Germ cell tumors in children.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Intracranial germ cell tumors: advancement in genomic diagnostics and the need for novel therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundWe integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data of central nervous system germ cell tumors to provide insights into their management.
methodsData from the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis (iGCT) Consortium were reviewed. A total of 190 cases were classified as primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) based on central pathological reviews.
resultsAll but one of the cases that were bifocal (neurohypophysis and pineal glands) and cases with multiple lesions including neurohypophysis or pineal gland were germinomas (34 of 35). Age was significantly higher in patients with germinoma than other histologies. Comparison between tumor marker and histopathological diagnoses showed that 18.2% of histopathologically diagnosed germinomas were marker positive and 6.1% of non-germinomatous GCTs were marker negative, suggesting a limitation in the utility of markers or histopathology alone using small specimens for diagnosis. Comparison between local and central histopathological diagnoses revealed a discordance of 12.7%. Discordance was significantly less frequent in biopsy cases, implying difficulty in detecting all histopathological components of heterogeneous GCTs. Germinomas at the typical sites (neurohypophysis or pineal gland) showed a better progression-free survival than those at atypical sites (P = 0.03). A molecular clinical association study revealed frequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations in males (51.4% vs 14.3%, P = 0.007), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway mutations in basal ganglia cases (P = 0.004). Basal ganglia cases also had frequent chromosomal losses. Some chromosomal aberrations (2q, 8q gain, 5q, 9p/q, 13q, 15q loss) showed potential prognostic significance.
conclusionsThe in-depth findings of this study regarding clinical and molecular heterogeneity will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this enigmatic tumor.
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