ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2019
Chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis - seeing what was always there.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between cognitive changes and neuroradiological changes over time in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Herbal medicines for SOD1Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy of Mindfulness Training in People With Upper Motor Neuron Disorders: A Systematic Review.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Gut microbiome and inflammation among athletes in wheelchair in a crossover randomized pilot trial of probiotic and prebiotic interventions.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- GPCR-Driven Muscarinic M1 and Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling Converging on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway: Functional Integration in Neuroinflammation and Myelin Repair in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Multi-dimensional decoding of the TSPO signal in animal models of neuroinflammation using fluorescence-conjugated DPA714.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices and Perceived Risk: Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Cognition in multiple sclerosis within the modern diagnostic and treatment era.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Article
- Myelopoiesis is temporally dynamic and is regulated by lifestyle to modify multiple sclerosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide levels and anxiety in multiple sclerosis patients, with and without Xerostomia: correlation with clinical variables.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- Mind-body therapies and their interplay with the immune system in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Targeted drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases: the role of nanotechnology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting autophagy in astrocytes: a potential for neurodegenerative disease intervention.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Drug Delivery Targeting Neuroinflammation to Treat Brain Diseases.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Unsupervised Pattern Analysis to Differentiate Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypes Using Principal Component Analysis on Various MRI Sequences.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of innate immune cells and other compartmentalized inflammatory cells in the brains and spinal cords of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and progressive MS has been well described histopathologically. However, conventional clinical MRI is largely insensitive to this inflammatory activity. The past two decades have seen the introduction of quantitative dynamic MRI scanning with contrast agents that are sensitive to the reduction in blood-brain barrier integrity associated with inflammation and to the trafficking of inflammatory myeloid cells. New MRI imaging sequences provide improved contrast for better detection of grey matter lesions. Quantitative lesion volume measures and magnetic resonance susceptibility imaging are sensitive to the activity of macrophages in the rims of white matter lesions. PET and magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods can also be used to detect contributions from innate immune activation in the brain and spinal cord. Some of these advanced research imaging methods for visualization of chronic inflammation are practical for relatively routine clinical applications. Observations made with the use of these techniques suggest ways of stratifying patients with MS to improve their care. The imaging methods also provide new tools to support the development of therapies for chronic inflammation in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.