ArticleBMC pediatrics2019
Television viewing and child cognition in a longitudinal birth cohort in Singapore: the role of maternal factors.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to Reduce Screen Time in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Screen viewing time from age 1 to 8 years and subsequent academic performance and working memory.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Dysregulated Screen Exposure Is Associated With Severity of Language and Communication Impairments in Children With Developmental Disorders.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between maternal and child screen use at 1 year of age and child behavior and development at 3 years of age.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Screen Time Exposure and Scores on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised With Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) in Children From a Multi-ethnic Population-Based Sample in Singapore.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Changed detection: No relationship between working memory and media usage in Covid-era and contemporary young adults.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Article
- New insights in pediatrics in 2021: choices in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Not all babies are in the same boat: Exploring the effects of socioeconomic status, parental attitudes, and activities during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on early Executive Functions.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2022Article
- Exposure to screens and children's language development in the EDEN mother-child cohort.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Early childhood screen time as a predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in children at 4 years: a birth cohort study in China.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough infant media exposure has received attention for its implications on child development, upstream risk factors contributing to media exposure have rarely been explored. The study aim was to examine the relationship between maternal risk factors, infant television (TV) viewing, and later child cognition.
methodsWe used a prospective population-based birth cohort study, Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), with 1247 pregnant mothers recruited in their first trimester. We first explored the relationship of infant TV exposure at 12 months and the composite IQ score at 4.5 years, as measured by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition (KBIT-2). Multivariable linear regressions were adjusted for maternal education, maternal mental health, child variables, birth parameters, and other relevant confounders. We then examined the associations of maternal risk factors with the amount of daily TV viewing of 12-month-old infants. Path analysis followed, to test a conceptual model designed a priori to test our hypotheses.
resultsThe average amount of TV viewing at 12 months was 2.0 h/day (SD 1.9). TV viewing in hours per day was a significant exposure variable for composite IQ (ß = - 1.55; 95% CI: - 2.81 to - 0.28) and verbal IQ (ß = - 1.77; 95% CI: - 3.22 to - 0.32) at 4.5 years. Our path analysis demonstrated that lower maternal education and worse maternal mood (standardized ß = - 0.27 and 0.14, respectively, p < 0.01 for both variables) were both risk factors for more media exposure. This path analysis also showed that maternal mood and infant TV strongly mediated the relationship between maternal education and child cognition, with an exceptional model fit (CFI > 0.99, AIC 15249.82, RMSEA < 0.001).
conclusionInfant TV exposure has a negative association with later cognition. Lower maternal education and suboptimal maternal mental health are risk factors for greater television viewing. Paediatricians have a role in considering and addressing early risks that may encourage television viewing.
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