ArticleEnvironmental research2019
Metallic air pollutants and breast cancer heterogeneity.
Article in Environmental research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis.Environmental research · 2023Pooled it
- Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Long-term exposure to PMAir quality, atmosphere, & health · 2026Article
- Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk: A Parallel Analysis of Five Large US Prospective Cohorts.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Causal relationship between blood metal levels and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Ambient air pollution and mortality in older patients with breast cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- 5'-Methylthioadenosine Metabolic Reprogramming Drives H3K79 Monomethylation-Mediated PAK2 Upregulation to Promote Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer Progression by Impairing Autophagic Flux.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- DNA damage response inhibition is an early event in cadmium-induced breast carcinogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Industrial air pollution and newborn hearing screening failure.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Article
- Residential proximity to national priorities list superfund sites is associated with increased likelihood of metastatic breast cancer presentation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Industrial Air Emissions and Breast Cancer Incidence in a United States-wide Prospective Cohort.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Carcinogenic air pollutants and breast cancer risk in the Arkansas rural community health study: A nested case-control study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Carcinogenic industrial air pollution and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health AARP Diet and Health Study.Environment international · 2024Article
- Metals on the Menu-Analyzing the Presence, Importance, and Consequences.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exposure to outdoor ambient air toxics and risk of breast cancer: The multiethnic cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Occupational Factors and Socioeconomic Differences in Breast Cancer Risk and Stage at Diagnosis in Swiss Working Women.Cancers · 2022Article
- Racial/ethnic and neighborhood disparities in metals exposure during pregnancy in the Northeastern United States.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Ambient air emissions of endocrine-disrupting metals and the incidence of hormone receptor- and HER2-dependent female breast cancer in USA.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Article
- Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmerging evidence suggests airborne metals may be associated with breast cancer risk. However, breast cancer is heterogenous and associations with heavy metals vary by subtype. Heavy metals possess both carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic properties which may be related to different tumor etiologies. Therefore, we tested for etiologic heterogeneity, using a case-series approach, to determine whether associations between residential airborne metal concentrations and breast cancer differed by tumor subtype.
methodsBetween 2005 and 2008, we enrolled incident breast cancer cases into the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study. Tumor estrogen and progesterone receptors status was determined by medical record abstraction and confirmed immunohistochemically (N = 696; 147 ER/PR-negative). The 2002 USEPA's National Air Toxics Assessment census-tract estimates of metal concentrations (antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and selenium) were matched to participants' residences of the same year. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine whether the airborne heavy metal associations differed by tumor ER/PR status. Principal component analysis was performed to assess associations by metal co-exposures.
resultsComparing the highest and lowest quintiles, higher concentrations of antimony (odds ratio[OR]: 1.8, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 0.9, 3.7, P-trend: 0.05), cadmium (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.4, P-trend: 0.04) and cobalt (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 0.9, 4.4, P-trend: 0.04) were associated with ER/PR-negative breast cancer. Mixture analysis using principal components suggested co-exposures to multiple airborne heavy metals may drive associations with tumor receptor status.
conclusionsAmong women diagnosed with breast cancer, metallic air pollutants were associated with increased odds of developing ER/PR-negative breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.