ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2019
Homelessness in Adults with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in Calgary, Canada.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies to improve vaccination rates in people who are homeless: A systematic review.Vaccine · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic factors for mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in adult: a system review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Post-COVID Rebound in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Driven by Resurgence of Serotype 4 Among American Indian Individuals in the Southwest United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Incidence of Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Observational
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Association Between Social Vulnerability and Streptococcus pneumoniae Antimicrobial Resistance in US Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Potential Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Among Adults, Including Persons Experiencing Homelessness-Alaska, 2011-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Temporally Associated Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Alaska, USA, 2020-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Changes in the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada, during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020-2022.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Increasing pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults: a scoping review of interventions in high-income countries.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Disproportionally Impact Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Injecting Drug Users, and the Western United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pneumococcal infections and homelessness.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Increased Risks of Death and Hospitalization in Influenza/Pneumonia and Sepsis for Individuals Affected by Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, and Single Manic Episodes: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Whole-Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 4 Causing Outbreak of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Alberta, Canada.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Strain Distributions and Isolate Clusters Associated With Persons Experiencing Homelessness During 2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Upsurge of Conjugate Vaccine Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness in California, Colorado, and New Mexico.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHomelessness is uncommon, but is frequently a characteristic in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In Calgary, homeless persons comprise approximately 0.2% of the population. We evaluated the relationship of homelessness and IPD in Calgary.
methodsDemographic, clinical and microbiologic data were collected by the Calgary Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research (CASPER) team through prospective, population-based surveillance of all IPD cases. Here, we report on cases in adults (≥18 years) from 2000-2016.
resultsOf 1,729 IPD cases, 321 (18.8%) occurred in homeless persons. Compared with non-homeless persons, homeless persons were younger, more often male, smokers, alcohol-abusers, illegal drug users, and had a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. In multivariable models of outcomes, homeless persons had lower odds of being admitted to ICU (OR 0.7, P=0.02) and lower odds of death (OR 0.6, P=0.146). IPD caused by serotypes 4, 5, or 8, which have caused outbreaks in Calgary, was more common in homeless persons (54.4% vs 21.0%, p<0.001). In addition, regardless of homeless status, persons with IPD caused by serotypes 4, 5, or 8 had lower odds of ICU admission and mortality (OR 0.7, p=0.017 and OR 0.4, p=0.004, respectively).
conclusionsHomelessness is overrepresented in IPD cases in Calgary, despite most homeless persons having fewer risk factors than the overall population of persons with IPD. Most cases are caused by serotypes in both the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine and the 13-valent conjugate vaccine. Thus, enhanced efforts are needed to deliver both vaccines to this vulnerable population.
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