ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2019
State of the Field: Differentiating Intellectual Disability From Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in Smith-Magenis Syndrome: a PRISMA compliant systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Antipsychotic medication for behaviors that challenge in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a clinically informed review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The association between maternal infection and intellectual disability in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Group-based educational interventions in adolescents and young adults with ASD without ID: a systematic review focusing on the transition to adulthood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Motor competence assessments for children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: a systematic review.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation targeting left primary motor cortex for children with autism spectrum disorder: multicentre randomised sham controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Trial
- The characteristics of users of an online screening tool for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and of those being screened.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2026Article
- Differences in Community Recognition of Autism Between Special Education and Clinicians: Insights From Public Health Surveillance in Arizona.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Social Functioning in Autistic Children with Below-Average vs. Average IQ: Limited Behavioral and Neural Evidence of Group Differences.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Developmental Profiles of Young Children Referred for Concern for Autism Spectrum Disorder: DBPNet Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Cognitive and behavioral clinical outcome assessments in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: Issues and instruments.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Otological conditions and autism spectrum disorder in Medicaid beneficiaries aged 1 to 20 years: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Brain idiosyncrasy during biological-motion perception is amplified in autistic individuals with intellectual impairment.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- A scoping review to inform an auditing framework evaluating healthcare environments for inclusion of people with intellectual disability and/or autism.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2026Article
- Characterization of Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Relevance of MushroomNutrients · 2026Article
- Analyzing the genetic profile of autistic children and adolescents with minimal verbal abilities.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Diverging trends in neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses among children aged below 16 years in Kazakhstan (2014-2024): a national registry study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multimodal evidence and technology-enabled accommodations for autistic adults: an evidential framework for autism research and practice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Commentary: Exploring the clinical features of minimally verbal autistic children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The topic of this special issue on secondary versus idiopathic autism allows for discussion of how different groups may come to manifest autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ASD-like symptoms despite important etiological differences. A related issue is that, because many of the social communication deficits that define ASD represent a failure to acquire developmentally expected skills, these same deficits would be expected to occur to some extent in all individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Thus, regardless of etiology, ASD symptoms may appear across groups of individuals with vastly different profiles of underlying deficits and strengths. In this focused review, we consider the impact of ID on the diagnosis of ASD. We discuss behavioral distinctions between ID and ASD, in light of the diagnostic criterion mandating that ASD should
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.