ReviewVascular health and risk management2019
Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular health: what do we know so far?
Review in Vascular health and risk management, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of E-cigarette use among students: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical testing of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette substitution for smoking: a living systematic review.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2020Pooled it
- Electronic Cigarette Use and Blood Pressure Endpoints: a Systematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2020Pooled it
- Medium- and longer-term cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes in adults making a stop-smoking attempt: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2022Trial
- Nicotine and the cardiovascular system: unmasking a global public health threat.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Exploring youth vaping in New Zealand intermediate and high schools: a mixed-methods study protocol.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Smoke economics: lessons from tobacco ban for e-cigarette regulation in Bhutan.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Perceptions of Dentists Regarding E-Cigarettes: Implications for Oral Health and Public Awareness and Education.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Analysis of How Underage Adolescents Access Nicotine Vaping Products in Aotearoa New Zealand.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Social Network Analysis of e-Cigarette-Related Social Media Influencers on Twitter/X: Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Adverse Respiratory Symptoms Among E-Cigarette Users in Saudi Arabia - A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Fruit flavors in electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are associated with nocturnal dry cough: A population longitudinal analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- E-cigarette use among university students in Palestine: Prevalence, knowledge, and determinant factors.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2023Article
- Will tobacco price increases lead more people who smoke to vape? The results from a discrete choice experiment amongst U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Lipid from electronic cigarette-aerosol both with and without nicotine induced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and disrupted phagocytosis.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2023Article
- E-cigarettes and arrhythmogenesis: a comprehensive review of pre-clinical studies and their clinical implications.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- E-cigarette effects on vascular function in animals and humans.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Review
- The association between dual use of electronic nicotine products and illicit drugs with adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal analysis using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking has continued to drop to all-time lows, the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs), introduced in the US in 2007, has been rising dramatically, especially among youth. In EC emissions, nicotine is the major biologically active element, while levels of carcinogens and harmful combustion products that typify TC smoke are very low or even undetectable. TCs cause cardiovascular harm by activation of inflammatory pathways and oxidative damage, leading to atherogenesis and thrombosis, as well as through sympathetic activation triggering ischemia and arrhythmia. While ECs are generally believed to be safer than TCs, there remain many uncertainties regarding the overall cardiovascular health effects of EC usage. In this review, we discuss the various components of EC smoke and review the potential mechanisms of cardiovascular injury caused by EC use. We also discuss the controversy regarding the increasing epidemic of youth EC use weighed against the use of ECs as a smoking-cessation aid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.