ReviewDevelopmental review : DR2019
Neural substrates of early executive function development.
Review in Developmental review : DR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Attention and executive delays in early childhood: a meta-analysis of neurodevelopmental conditions.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A multimodal meta-analysis of regional functional and structural brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Common abnormality of gray matter integrity in substance use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative voxel-based meta-analysis.Human brain mapping · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive control training with domain-general response inhibition does not change children's brains or behavior.Nature neuroscience · 2024Trial
- Cognitive enrichment through art: a randomized controlled trial on the effect of music or visual arts group practice on cognitive and brain development of young children.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of a community health worker home visit intervention to improve child development in South Africa: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2023Trial
- Family-based care buffers the stress sensitizing effect of early deprivation on executive functioning difficulties in adolescence.Child development · 2023Trial
- Executive functions as a transdiagnostic endophenotype in developmental psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Emergent blink rate in early childhood is associated with neural origins of executive function.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Characterizing neural indices of cognitive control in young children: A school-based ERP study with naturalistic stimuli.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prenatal neural network organization and later executive function development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Executive Function and Motor Skills in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimal brain development is context-dependent: How socioeconomic status moderates brain-behavior relationships in cognitive and academic development.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Young children's screen time, executive functions, and language development: Longitudinal moderation of parent/child coviewing and media content.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Effortful Control and Cortical Brain Structure in 5-Year-Old Children: Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Contextual Transparency Supports Cognitive Control by Reducing Prefrontal Activation and Enhancing Cue Prioritization in Children.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Developmental Changes in the Structure of Executive Function from Early To Late Adolescence.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Unpredictable maternal signals and developmental profiles of child executive function from infancy to early childhood.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Predicting the Development of Executive Functions in Preschool Age: Motor, Language, and Socio-Relational Skills in Early Childhood.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Child inhibitory control in toddlerhood: associations with child interaction skills with the mother.BMC psychology · 2026Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the last decade, advances in neuroimaging technologies have given rise to a large number of research studies that investigate the neural underpinnings of executive function (EF). EF has long been associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and involves both a unified, general element, as well as the distinct, separable elements of working memory, inhibitory control and set shifting. We will highlight the value of utilising advances in neuroimaging techniques to uncover answers to some of the most pressing questions in the field of early EF development. First, this review will explore the development and neural substrates of each element of EF. Second, the structural, anatomical and biochemical changes that occur in the PFC during infancy and throughout childhood will be examined, in order to address the importance of these changes for the development of EF. Third, the importance of connectivity between regions of the PFC and other brain areas in EF development is reviewed. Finally, throughout this review more recent developments in neuroimaging techniques will be addressed, alongside the implications for further elucidating the neural substrates of early EF development in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.