ArticleScientific reports2019
Survival-time dependent increase in neuronal IL-6 and astroglial GFAP expression in fatally injured human brain tissue.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Endothelin-1 induces Zfp36 family RNA-binding proteins and restrains cytokine and chemokine production in reactive astrocytes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional plasma proteomic profiling elucidates molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological networks in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Experimental determination of the stabbing intensity in an intracranial stabbing death.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Glial Activation After Unilateral Cortical Injury in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Methylene Blue Protects Spatial Working Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice by Affecting Mitochondrial Quality Control System.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in Traumatic Brain Injury from a Forensic Perspective.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and potential interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Single episode of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury leads to chronic neurological deficits and Alzheimer's-like pathological dementia.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Forensic neuropathology in the past decade: a scoping literature review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Genetic ablation of Sarm1 attenuates expression and mislocalization of phosphorylated TDP-43 after mouse repetitive traumatic brain injury.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Interleukin-6 in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Janus-Faced Player in Damage and Repair.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Review
- Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- High Serum Levels of IL-6 Are Associated with Suicide Attempt but Not with High Lethality Suicide Attempts: A Preliminary Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Density of TMEM119-positive microglial cells in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid as a surrogate marker for assessing complex neuropathological processes in the CNS.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Forensic biomarkers of lethal traumatic brain injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- Plasma biomarkers associated with deployment trauma and its consequences in post-9/11 era veterans: initial findings from the TRACTS longitudinal cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Multimodal Benefits of Exercise in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- GFAP positivity in neurons following traumatic brain injuries.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Assessing Protein Biomarkers to Detect Lethal Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Biomolecules · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Knowledge on trauma survival time prior to death following a lethal traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be essential for legal purposes. Immunohistochemistry studies might allow to narrow down this survival interval. The biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are well known in the clinical setting for their usability in TBI prediction. Here, both proteins were chosen in forensics to determine whether neuronal or glial expression in various brain regions may be associated with the cause of death and the survival time prior to death following TBI. IL-6 positive neurons, glial cells and GFAP positive astrocytes all concordantly increase with longer trauma survival time, with statistically significant changes being evident from three days post-TBI (p < 0.05) in the pericontusional zone, irrespective of its definite cortical localization. IL-6 staining in neurons increases significantly in the cerebellum after trauma, whereas increasing GFAP positivity is also detected in the cortex contralateral to the focal lesion. These systematic chronological changes in biomarkers of pericontusional neurons and glial cells allow for an estimation of trauma survival time. Higher numbers of IL-6 and GFAP-stained cells above threshold values in the pericontusional zone substantiate the existence of fatal traumatic changes in the brain with reasonable certainty.
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Registered trials
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