ArticlePloS one2019
Hyperglycemia acts in synergy with hypoxia to maintain the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improving Dietary Intake of Essential Nutrients Can Ameliorate Inflammation in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Shared mechanisms of musculoskeletal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights into future therapeutic directions (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Remodeling-phase wound-derived protein factors enhance mesenchymal stem cell function and improve diabetic wound healing.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Dissolvable antimicrobial microneedles loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived migrasomes for diabetes wound treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of aminoglycosides on macrophage viability and antimicrobial function under high-glucose exposure.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Feeding the invaders: how metabolic imbalance shapes infection and biofilm development.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Reversing diabetic wound stagnation: macrophage polarization dysregulation as a therapeutic linchpin from pathogenesis to precision interventions.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and emerging therapeutic strategies: a network-based perspective.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- Revealing community dynamics in polymicrobial infections through a quantitative framework.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Directing Neutrophil Fate via Sensory-Immune Interactions Accelerates Diabetic Bone Healing.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The Crosstalk Between Efferocytosis and Macrophage Polarization in Diabetic Wounds: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Activating Ferroptosis of M1 Macrophages: A Novel Mechanism of Asiaticoside Encapsuled in GelMA for Anti-Inflammation in Diabetic Wounds.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
- Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Steam-Distilled Oil of Flaxseed (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Naringenin Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing via Regulating Macrophage M2 Polarization and Efferocytosis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Multiplexing 3D Natural Scaffolds to Optimize the Repair and Regeneration of Chronic Diabetic Wounds.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- S100A9 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic foot ulcers.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Relationship between glucose to lymphocyte ratio and the first peritonitis episode in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Antibiotics in Hyperglycemia-Induced Macrophage Dysfunctions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plasma-Activated Water Improve Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Influencing the Inflammatory and Remodelling Phase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel insights and an updated review of metabolic syndrome in immune-mediated organ transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by a chronic inflammation state which prevents cutaneous wound healing, and DFUs eventually lead to infection and leg amputation. Macrophages located in DFUs are locked in an pro-inflammatory phenotype. In this study, the effect of hyperglycemia and hypoxia on the macrophage phenotype was analyzed. For this purpose, a microarray was performed to study the gene expression profile of macrophages cultivated in a high glucose concentration. Hyperglycemia upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, chemokines and downregulated the expression of two receptors involved in phagocytosis (CD 36 and Class B scavenger type I receptors). In addition, eleven anti-apoptotic factors were upregulated whereas three pro-apoptotic genes were downregulated. Subsequently, the contribution of hypoxia and hyperglycemia to chronic inflammation and their potential synergistic effect was evaluated on activated THP-1 derived macrophages. A long term post activation effect (17 hours) was only observed on the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines when hypoxia was combined with a high glucose concentration. In contrast, hyperglycemia and hypoxia did not have any effect on wound healing molecules such as TGF-β1. Taken together, the results show that hyperglycemia acts in synergy with hypoxia to maintain a chronic inflammation state in macrophages.
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