ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Dairy fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 cohorts of US men and women.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Whole-Fat or Reduced-Fat Dairy Product Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- The (ab)use of food frequency questionnaire data in substitution modelling in nutritional epidemiology: a critique.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Monounsaturated fatty acids from plant or animal sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohorts of men and women.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Dairy Product Consumption, Confounding Factors, and Their Influence on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Review
- Can individual fatty acids be used as functional biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in relation to cardiometabolic health? A narrative review.The British journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- Eating Behavior of Older Adults with and Without Diabetes: The Vigitel Survey, Brazil, 2016.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- Dairy Foods: Is Its Cardiovascular Risk Profile Changing?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2022Review
- Associations of Dairy Intake with Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Insulin Response, and Dyslipidemia among Postmenopausal Women.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2021Article
- Dairy consumption and risk of type-2 diabetes: the untold story.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2021Article
- Review
- Observational
- Dairy foods, dairy fat, diabetes, and death: what can be learned from 3 large new investigations?The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have examined dairy products with various fat contents in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although data regarding dairy fat intake per se are sparse.
objectivesWe aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D in 3 prospective cohorts. We also examined associations for isocalorically replacing dairy fat with other macronutrients.
methodsWe prospectively followed 41,808 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986-2012), 65,929 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2012), and 89,565 women in the NHS II (1991-2013). Diet was assessed quadrennially using validated FFQs. Fat intake from dairy products and other relevant sources was expressed as percentage of total energy. Self-reported incident T2D cases were confirmed using validated supplementary questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for dairy fat intake and T2D risk.
resultsDuring 4,219,457 person-years of follow-up, we documented 16,511 incident T2D cases. Dairy fat was not associated with risk of T2D when compared with calories from carbohydrates (HR for extreme quintiles: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.02). Replacing 5% of calories from dairy fat with other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with a 17% (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.21) and a 4% (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) higher risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie replacement with carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98).
conclusionsDairy fat intake was not associated with T2D risk in these cohort studies of US men and women when compared with calories from carbohydrate. Replacing dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with lower risk of T2D. Replacement with other animal fats or refined carbohydrates was associated with higher risk.
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