ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2019
Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Moleculartyping and antibiotic resistance pattern ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Expanding Threat of Carbapenemase-ProducingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: challenges and opportunities for next-generation antimicrobial development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Silver Nanoparticle-Antibiotic Combinations: A Strategy to Overcome Bacterial Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An Overview of the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistance and Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms: What Solutions Are Available? A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Environment: Dissemination, Ecological Risks, and Remediation Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Resistance Response and Regulatory Mechanisms of Ciprofloxacin-Induced ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Differences in antimicrobial resistance between exoU and exoS isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of bloodstream infection pathogens isolated from pediatric patients in Ukraine.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Traditional marketed meats as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025Article
- Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Observed Prevalence and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quinolone Resistance Genes qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and qepA in Environmental Escherichia coli: Insights into Their Genetic Contexts from Comparative Genomics.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- The burden of group AiScience · 2025Review
- The Global Challenge ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Replicon family of Vibrionaceae plasmids as a reservoir of antimicrobial and phage resistance genes in marine ecosystems.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Three simple and cost-effective assays for AAC(6')-Ib-cr enzyme activity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence factors in Salmonella isolates obtained from pig farms in Antioquia, Colombia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance: Insights fromMicroorganisms · 2024Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6')Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.
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