ArticleBMC cancer2019
CXCL12 expression is an adverse predictor for disease recurrence in patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors.
Article in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Biomarkers of disease recurrence in stage I testicular germ cell tumours.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- CXCL12 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Prediction of relapse in stage I testicular germ cell tumor patients on surveillance: investigation of biomarkers.BMC cancer · 2020Article
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10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundTo validate the utility of the chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) as prognostic marker in patients with localized and metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT).
methodsCXCL12 expression was analyzed on a tissue microarray consisting of 750 tissue cores of different histological tumor components, Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and adjacent normal tissue of 263 testicular cancer patients using a semi-quantitative score. The association between CXCL12 expression and recurrence-free survival (RFS) as well as overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests.
resultsCXCL12 expression was absent in all seminomas but was found in 52 of 99 (52.5%) non-seminomas. Follow-up was available for 260 patients of which 36 (13.8%) recurred. In patients with stage 1 non-seminoma GCT, CXCL12 expression was not associated with higher risk of disease recurrence (p = 0.270). In contrast, post chemotherapy RFS of patients with metastatic non-seminoma and positive CXCL12 expression was significantly shorter compared to CXCL12 negative patients (p = 0.003). OS differences were not statistically different between patients with CXCL12 positive or negative tumors for either localized or metastatic disease.
conclusionsCXCL12 is almost exclusively expressed in non-seminoma. Pure seminoma, GCNIS and adjacent normal testicular tissue are CXCL12 negative. Our analysis suggests that patients with metastatic disease and a CXCL12-positive non-seminoma are at higher risk for disease recurrence after first-line chemotherapy and might thus be candidates for more intensive treatment and/or closer follow-up.
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