ArticleNutrients2019
Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Black ginseng extract suppresses lung cancer growth in a xenograft mouse model.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Anticancer effects of black ginseng extract on human gastric cancer in a xenograft mouse model.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Modulating nasal barrier function and tissue remodeling in inflammatory diseases: the role of ginseng and its bioactive compounds.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Black ginseng under forest as a natural antidepressant: insights into its active components and mechanisms.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Historical evolution and processing mechanism of 'nine steaming and nine drying' of traditional Chinese medicine preparation.Pharmaceutical biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Changes in the chemical composition and medicinal effects of black ginseng during processing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Pharmacopoeia in the Evaluation and Treatment of COVID-19.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Steaming and Drying of Black Sesame Seeds for Nine Cycles Using Grey-Correlation Analysis Based on Variation-Coefficient Weight.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antiviral Effect of Ginsenosides rk1 against Influenza a Virus Infection by Targeting the Hemagglutinin 1-Mediated Virus Attachment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antiviral Potential of the GenusJournal of ginseng research · 2023Review
- Bioactive metabolites in functional and fermented foods and their role as immunity booster and anti-viral innate mechanisms.Journal of food science and technology · 2022Review
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of black ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) extract (CJ EnerG): broad spectrum cytotoxic activity in human cancer cell lines and 28-day repeated oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Ginsenoside Absorption Rate and Extent Enhancement of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng in Healthy Adults.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases.Medicinal research reviews · 2021Review
- Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng.Metabolites · 2020Article
- The Role of Adaptogens in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection against viral respiratory infections, we investigated the antiviral effects of BG. Mice were orally administered either BG or RG extract at 10 mg/kg bw daily for two weeks. Mice were then infected with a A(H1N1) pdm09 (A/California/04/2009) virus and fed extracts for an additional week. Untreated, infected mice were assigned to either the negative control, without treatments, or the positive control, treated with Tamiflu. Infected mice were monitored for 14 days to determine the survival rate. Lung tissues were evaluated for virus titer and by histological analyses. Cytokine levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice treated with BG displayed a 100% survival rate against infection, while mice treated with RG had a 50% survival rate. Further, mice treated with BG had fewer accumulated inflammatory cells in bronchioles following viral infection than did mice treated with RG. BG also enhanced the levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 during the early and late stages of infection, respectively, compared to RG. Thus, BG may be useful as an alternative antiviral adjuvant to modulate immune responses to influenza A virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.