ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
The Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The Application of 3D Cell Culture in Thyroid Cancer.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Strategies and Challenges.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment-guided targeted and immunotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a literature review from preclinical models to clinical translation.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Advances in immunotherapy for thyroid malignancies: from molecular targets to clinical outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Immune evolution and therapeutic vulnerabilities in thyroid cancer: from inflammation to immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Single-cell perspective on the Monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio as a metastasis biomarker in papillary thyroid cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Can mutation abundance assess the biological behavior of BRAFJournal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes in Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammation-Immune-Related Proteins in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma before and after Radioactive Iodine Therapy.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Causal role of immune cells in thyroid cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals the tumor immune microenvironment in thyroid cancer: a narrow review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophage abundance in oncocytic thyroid cancer is associated with PD-L1 expression.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Research trends and hotspots of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer treatment in the twenty-first century: a bibliometric analysis.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of HIF1A-mediated immune evasion in gastric cancer and the impact on therapy resistance.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- The role of immune cells and immune related genes in the tumor microenvironment of papillary thyroid cancer and their significance for immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The evolving process of ferroptosis in thyroid cancer: Novel mechanisms and opportunities.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- [Bioinformatic analysis of CCND2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its impact on immune infiltration].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation.Oncotarget · 2024Article
- The modification role and tumor association with a methyltransferase: KMT2C.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression. However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form tumors. The normal microenvironment (immune cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, and interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM)) maintains tissue homeostasis and prevents tumor initiation. Inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines from an altered microenvironment promote tumor growth. During the last decade, thyroid cancer, the most frequent cancer of the endocrine system, has emerged as the fifth most incident cancer in the United States (USA), and its incidence is steadily growing. Inflammation has long been associated with thyroid cancer, raising critical questions about the role of immune cells in its pathogenesis. A plethora of immune cells and their mediators are present in the thyroid cancer ecosystem. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints, such as mAbs anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies, but they induce thyroid dysfunction in up to 10% of patients, presumably by enhancing autoimmunity. Combination strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with tyrosine kinase (TK) or serine/threonine protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) inhibitors are showing considerable promise in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. This review illustrates how different immune cells contribute to thyroid cancer development and the rationale for the antitumor effects of ICIs in combination with BRAF/TK inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.