ArticlePLoS pathogens2019
Memory CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 synergizes with viral infection to exacerbate lung inflammation.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Role of Ferroptosis in Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Mutations in ace2 gene modulate cytokine levels and alter immune responses inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 for the assessment of the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Allergen exposure functionally alters influenza-specific CD4+ Th1 memory cells in the lung.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- IL-2-driven CD8Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- STAT1 Controls the Functionality of Influenza-Primed CD4 T Cells but Therapeutic STAT4 Engagement Maximizes Their Antiviral Impact.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Intermediate Levels of Pre-Existing Protective Antibody Allow Priming of Protective T Cell Immunity against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- The Important Role of Interleukin-2 in COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2023Review
- Clonotypic analysis of protective influenza M2e-specific lung resident Th17 memory cells reveals extensive functional diversity.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Preserved T-cell response in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis patients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2022Article
- Targeting natural killer cells to enhance vaccine responses.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2021Review
- Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung.Science immunology · 2021Article
- Specific Cytokine Profiles Predict the Severity of Influenza A Pneumonia: A Prospectively Multicenter Pilot Study.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Natural killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors trigger differences in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2021Article
- Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Induce CNS Demyelination in an HSV-IL-2 Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.iScience · 2020Article
- NK cells: A double edge sword against SARS-CoV-2.Advances in biological regulation · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Defining the most penetrating correlates of protective memory T cells is key for designing improved vaccines and T cell therapies. Here, we evaluate how interleukin (IL-2) production by memory CD4 T cells, a widely held indicator of their protective potential, impacts immune responses against murine influenza A virus (IAV). Unexpectedly, we show that IL-2-deficient memory CD4 T cells are more effective on a per cell basis at combating IAV than wild-type memory cells that produce IL-2. Improved outcomes orchestrated by IL-2-deficient cells include reduced weight loss and improved respiratory function that correlate with reduced levels of a broad array of inflammatory factors in the infected lung. Blocking CD70-CD27 signals to reduce CD4 T cell IL-2 production tempers the inflammation induced by wild-type memory CD4 T cells and improves the outcome of IAV infection in vaccinated mice. Finally, we show that IL-2 administration drives rapid and extremely potent lung inflammation involving NK cells, which can synergize with sublethal IAV infection to promote acute death. These results suggest that IL-2 production is not necessarily an indicator of protective CD4 T cells, and that the lung environment is particularly sensitive to IL-2-induced inflammation during viral infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.