Census timing alters stage duration distributions in matrix population models.

Matrix population models are widely used to study the dynamics of stage-structured populations. A census in these models is an event monitoring the number of individuals in each stage and occurs at discrete time intervals. The two most common methods used in building matrix population models are the prebreeding census and postbreeding census. Models using the prebreeding and postbreeding censuses assume that breeding occurs immediately before or immediately after the censuses, respectively. In some models such as age-structured models, the results are identical regardless of the method used, rendering the choice of method a matter of preference. However, in stage-structured models, where the duration of the first stage of life varies among newborns, a choice between the prebreeding and postbreeding censuses may result in different conclusions. This is attributed to the different first-stage duration distributions assumed by the two methods. This study investigated the difference emerging in the structures of these models and its consequence on conclusions of eigenvalue and elasticity analyses using two-stage models. Considerations required in choosing a modeling method are also discussed.