ArticleNature communications2019
RIG-I-like receptors direct inflammatory macrophage polarization against West Nile virus infection.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Battle Between Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Host Innate Immune System: Evasion and Response.Viruses · 2026Review
- TRIM47 catalyzes MAVS SUMOylation to safeguard chronic viral infections and tissue inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- GM-CSF and M-CSF Driven Differentiation Differentially Regulates Chikungunya Virus Infection and Antiviral Responses in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Negative regulators antagonizing antitumor innate immune pathways in lung cancer immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the causal impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on epilepsy: a mendelian randomization study.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Nef stabilizes actin to prevent HIV-1 sensing by RIG-I-like receptors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Exposure of negative-sense viral RNA in the cytoplasm initiates innate immunity to West Nile virus.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Grass carp reovirus VP4 manipulates TOLLIP to degrade STING for inhibition of IFN production.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The role of natural products targeting macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced lung injury.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Macrophage fate: to kill or not to kill?Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- ANKRD22 aggravates sepsis-induced ARDS and promotes pulmonary M1 macrophage polarization.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Early cellular and molecular signatures correlate with severity of West Nile virus infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Review
- Atf4 regulates angiogenic differences between alveolar bone and long bone macrophages by regulating M1 polarization, based on single-cell RNA sequencing, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- RIG-I agonist SLR10 promotes macrophage M1 polarization during influenza virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- IFIH1/IRF1/STAT1 promotes sepsis associated inflammatory lung injury via activating macrophage M1 polarization.International immunopharmacology · 2023Article
- RIG-I-like Receptor Regulation of Immune Cell Function and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Coordinated regulation of interferon and inflammasome signaling pathways by SARS-CoV-2 proteins.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2, are vital pathogen recognition receptors in the defense against RNA viruses. West Nile Virus (WNV) infections continue to grow in the US. Here, we use a systems biology approach to define the contributions of each RLR in the innate immune response to WNV. Genome-wide RNAseq and bioinformatics analyses of macrophages from mice lacking either RLR reveal that the RLRs drive distinct immune gene activation and response polarization to mediate an M1/inflammatory signature while suppressing the M2/wound healing phenotype. While LGP2 functions to modulate inflammatory signaling, RIG-I and MDA5 together are essential for M1 macrophage polarization in vivo and the control of WNV infection through potential downstream control of ATF4 and SMAD4 to regulate target gene expression for cell polarization. These analyses reveal the RLR-driven signature of macrophage polarization, innate immune protection, and immune programming against WNV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.