ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Gynecomastia in HIV-positive adult men receiving efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at Newlands clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efavirenz-induced grade III gynecomastia in an HIV-positive male patient: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Disparities in breast cancer survival between women with and without HIV across sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective, cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2022Article
- A comparison of complete pathologic response rates following neoadjuvant chemotherapy among South African breast cancer patients with and without concurrent HIV infection.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGynecomastia is known to occur in some men taking an efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. However, the incidence and outcomes of gynecomastia are not known in Zimbabwe. We described the characteristics and outcomes of gynecomastia among male patients on an efavirenz-based ART regimen.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort review of data of all male patients aged ≥18 years taking an efavirenz-based regimen at Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe before 31 March 2017. The primary outcome was gynecomastia as defined by breast/nipple enlargement reported by patient and confirmed by clinical palpation. Routinely collected data on demographics, baseline CD4, body mass index, duration on efavirenz, clinical presentation and outcomes were extracted from the clinic database and analysed using STATA 12.1. We investigated for any associations with concomitant medicines using cox regression.
resultsWe analysed data for 1432 men with a median age of 40 years (IQR: 33-48). Half of the patients were in WHO stage 1 at ART commencement. Median body mass index and CD4 count at efavirenz commencement was 21 (IQR: 19-23) and 260 cells/mm
conclusionThe incidence of gynecomastia among patients taking efavirenz-based ART was low with most cases developing early on during treatment. Most cases resolved completely after withdrawing efavirenz.
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