ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2019
Quantifying maladaptation during the evolution of sexual dimorphism.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual dimorphism in phenotypic plasticity and persistence under environmental change: An extension of theory and meta-analysis of current data.Ecology letters · 2022Pooled it
- The maintenance of genetic polymorphism underlying sexually antagonistic traits.Evolution letters · 2025Article
- On the resolution of sexual conflict over shared traits.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Evolutionary rescue from climate change: male indirect genetic effects on lay-dates and their consequences for population persistence.Evolution letters · 2024Article
- Sexually antagonistic selection maintains genetic variance when sexual dimorphism evolves.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Peak shifts and extinction under sex-specific selection.Biology letters · 2021Article
- The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics.Evolution letters · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Females and males have distinct trait optima, resulting in selection for sexual dimorphism. However, most traits have strong cross-sex genetic correlations, which constrain evolutionary divergence between the sexes and lead to protracted periods of maladaptation during the evolution of sexual dimorphism. While such constraints are thought to be costly in terms of individual and population fitness, it remains unclear how severe such costs are likely to be. Building upon classical models for the 'cost of selection' in changing environments (sensu Haldane), we derived a theoretical expression for the analogous cost of evolving sexual dimorphism; this cost is a simple function of genetic (co)variances of female and male traits and sex differences in trait optima. We then conducted a comprehensive literature search, compiled quantitative genetic data from a diverse set of traits and populations, and used them to quantify costs of sexual dimorphism in the light of our model. For roughly 90% of traits, costs of sexual dimorphism appear to be modest, and comparable to the costs of fixing one or a few beneficial substitutions. For the remaining traits (approx. 10%), sexual dimorphism appears to carry a substantial cost-potentially orders of magnitude greater than costs of selection during adaptation to environmental changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.