SynthesisJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
A Meta-analysis Assessing Diarrhea and Pneumonia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Compared With HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Infants and Children.
Synthesis in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retention in care and viral suppression in differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Maternal Immunization With 10-Valent Pneumococcus Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10), 23-Valent Pneumococcus Polysaccharide Vaccine, or Placebo on the Immunogenicity of PCV-10 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Role of Chinese Medicine in Treating Pediatric Respiratory Infections: A Comprehensive Review.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
- Occurrence of diarrhea in pediatric bronchopneumonia patients: relevance to nursing management.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Maternal Inflammation Likely Drives Impaired Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Persistent neuroimmune alterations in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected at age 6-7 years: Associations with language development in a South African birth cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Associations between maternal lipid profiles and cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes among children who are HIV-exposed uninfected vs. HIV-unexposed children aged 5-8 years in a South African birth cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Infectious morbidity among children HIV-exposed uninfected in South Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Characterizing immune activation in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants in the first year of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Differences in growth trajectories in breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed infants in Kenya: An observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Risk of hospitalization or death does not differ in children exposed to HIV, yet uninfected compared to nonexposed peers in Lusaka, Zambia.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Infectious Morbidity and All-cause Mortality of Infants HIV-exposed Uninfected Compared to Infants HIV-unexposed Uninfected in Botswana.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- The Linda Kizazi study: a comparison of morbidity and mortality from birth to 2 years between children who are HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed, uninfected in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Outcomes of HIV-exposed infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children admitted to two paediatric intensive care units in South Africa: A retrospective analytical cohort study.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2025Article
- Growth-promoting hormonal alterations in pregnant women living with HIV receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment are associated with lower infant 1-year weight z-scores.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Care of the Child Perinatally Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Review
- The Negative Impact of Maternal HIV Infection on Birth Outcomes-Myth or Reality?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants and children experience morbidity and mortality at rates exceeding those of their HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) counterparts. We sought to summarize the association between HEU vs. HUU infants and children for the outcomes of diarrhea and pneumonia.
designMeta-analysis.
methodsWe reviewed studies comparing infants and children in the 2 groups for these infectious disease outcomes, in any setting, from 1993 to 2018 from 6 databases.
resultsWe included 12 studies, and 17,955 subjects total [n = 5074 (28.3%) HEU and n = 12,881 (71.7%) HUU]. Random-effects models showed HEU infants and children had a 20% increase in the relative risk of acute diarrhea and a 30% increase in the relative risk of pneumonia when compared with their HUU counterparts. When stratifying by time since birth, we showed that HEU vs. HUU children had a 50% and 70% increased risk of diarrhea and pneumonia, respectively, in the first 6 months of life.
conclusionsWe show an increased risk of diarrhea and pneumonia for HEU vs. HUU infants and children. Although we acknowledge, and commend, the immense public health success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission, we now have an enlarging population of children that seem to be vulnerable to not only death, but increased morbidity. We need to turn our attention to understanding the underlying mechanism and designing effective public health solutions. Further longitudinal research is needed to elucidate possible underlying immunological and/or sociological mechanisms that explain these differences in morbidity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.