Trial reportScientific reports2019
Fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed bovine MFGM supplemented formula or standard formula with breast-fed infants as reference: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The gut microbiome-metabolome dataset collection: a curated resource for integrative meta-analysis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis study of the robustness and universality of gut microbiome-metabolome associations.Microbiome · 2021Pooled it
- Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Children: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose Ingestion on Weight Loss and Markers of Health.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Targeting the gut-lung axis by synbiotic feeding to infants in a randomized controlled trial.BMC biology · 2023Trial
- Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Fecal metabolome alterations in infants at risk of developing allergies during the first year of life.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Milk fat globule membrane in early-life nutrition: composition, production, and biological effects on infant immune maturation, intestinal development, neurocognitive function, and growth.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- MMETHANE: interpretable AI for predicting host status from microbial composition and metabolomics data.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Article
- GIMIC: smoothed graph-image representation of microbiome samples induce an optimal distance.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota development across the lifespan: Disease links and health-promoting interventions.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- DMoVGPE: predicting gut microbial associated metabolites profiles with deep mixture of variational Gaussian Process experts.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Milk fat globule membrane supplementation in formula modulates the gut microbiome and metabolic status of piglets and normalizes intestinal development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Relationship between the components of mare breast milk and foal gut microbiome: shaping gut microbiome development after birth.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Article
- Effect of beta-glucan supplementation on cystic fibrosis colonic microbiota: an in vitro study.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- mi-Mic: a novel multi-layer statistical test for microbiota-disease associations.Genome biology · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk delivers an array of bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development and maintain healthy gut microbiota. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a biologically functional fraction of milk increasingly linked to beneficial outcomes in infants through protection from pathogens, modulation of the immune system and improved neurodevelopment. In the present study, we characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed a bovine MFGM supplemented experimental formula (EF) and compared to infants fed standard formula (SF) and a breast-fed reference group. The impact of MFGM on the fecal microbiome was moderate; however, the fecal metabolome of EF-fed infants showed a significant reduction of several metabolites including lactate, succinate, amino acids and their derivatives from that of infants fed SF. Introduction of weaning food with either human milk or infant formula reduces the distinct characteristics of breast-fed- or formula-fed- like infant fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles. Our findings support the hypothesis that higher levels of protein in infant formula and the lack of human milk oligosaccharides promote a shift toward amino acid fermentation in the gut. MFGM may play a role in shaping gut microbial activity and function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.