ArticlePediatrics2019
Racial and Ethnic Differences Over Time in Outcomes of Infants Born Less Than 30 Weeks' Gestation.
Article in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05328817 (Azithromycin Versus Erythromycin For Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Azithromycin Versus Erythromycin For Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Creating the Healthcare Racial Justice Assessment Tool (HC-RJAT): A Novel Tool to Identify Modifiable Loci of Structural Racism in the Healthcare Setting to Guide Equity-Focused Improvements.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Differential transport patterns by race and ethnicity in very low birth weight infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Antenatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection of preterm babies: data analysis of inequities in treatment in England 2014 to 2024.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- Diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations for anti-racist, equity-focused NICU family mental health.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- The Association between Maternal Education Level and Infant Mortality Rates by Gestational Age among Black, White, and Hispanic Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Continuum of care for patients through medical-legal partnership: improving the transition from NICU stay to home.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in postnatal growth of infants born before 30 weeks of gestation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Geographical and racial and/or ethnic disparities in pediatric ARDS mortality in the USA, 2016-2022: a triennial national database retrospective cohort analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- The role of social determinants of health in the developing injured brain.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Interventions to address inequities in infant mortality and morbidity in the NICU and beyond: A focus on the mother-infant dyad.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in postnatal growth of infants born before 30 weeks of gestation.Research square · 2025Article
- Promoting Equity in Parent Presence and Participation in Neonatal Intensive Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Methodologic considerations in estimating racial disparity of mortality among very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Neonates Born at Less Than 30 Weeks' Gestation, 2018-2022.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Disparities in Survival Without Major Morbidity Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Health Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Critically Ill Children and Neonates: A Scoping Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Article
- Neonatal respiratory care practice among level III and IV NICUs in New England.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Persistent disparities in black infant mortality across gestational ages in the United States.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Prenatal and Postnatal Disparities in Very-Preterm Infants in a Study of Infections between 2018-2023 in Southeastern US.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- The effect of haemoglobin and blood transfusion on preterm infant gut perfusion and injury.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine changes in care practices over time by race and ethnicity and whether the decrease in hospital mortality and severe morbidities has benefited infants of minority over infants of white mothers.
methodsInfants 22 to 29 weeks' gestation born between January 2006 and December 2017 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals for African American and Hispanic versus white infants by birth year. We tested temporal differences in mortality and morbidity rates between white and African American or Hispanic infants using a likelihood ratio test on nested binomial regression models.
resultsDisparities for certain care practices such as antenatal corticosteroids and for some in-hospital outcomes have narrowed over time for minority infants. Compared with white infants, African American infants had a faster decline for mortality, hypothermia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and late-onset sepsis, whereas Hispanic infants had a faster decline for mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumothorax. Other morbidities showed a constant rate difference between African American and Hispanic versus white infants over time. Despite the improvements, outcomes including hypothermia, mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage remained elevated by the end of the study period, especially among African American infants.
conclusionsRacial and ethnic disparities in vital care practices and certain outcomes have decreased. That the quality deficit among minority infants occurred for several care practice measures and potentially modifiable outcomes suggests a critical role for quality improvement initiatives tailored for minority-serving hospitals.
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