ArticleVision research2019
Effects of temporal frequency on binocular deficits in amblyopia.
Article in Vision research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intact Perceptual Interactions of Interocular Temporal Phase and Contrast Disparities in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ebbinghaus Illusion Distortions in Amblyopia: Impairments of Visual Size Processing and Interocular Integration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Validation of Angular Indication Measurement (AIM) Stereoacuity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Temporal Contour Integration Deficits in Children With Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Perceptual learning based on a temporal stimulus enhances visual function in adult amblyopic subjects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Rapid Alternate Flicker Modulates Binocular Interaction in Adults With Abnormal Binocular Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Interocular Transfer: The Dichoptic Flash-Lag Effect in Controls and Amblyopes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Resilience of temporal processing to early and extended visual deprivation.Vision research · 2021Article
- Temporal Characteristics of Visual Processing in Amblyopia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Eyetronix Flicker Glass and Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Reveals Similar Improvements in Vision.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Two Patterns of Interocular Delay Revealed by Spontaneous Motion-in-Depth Pulfrich Phenomenon in Amblyopes with Stereopsis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Amblyopia is associated with a range of well-known visual spatial deficits, which include reduced contrast sensitivity, spatial distortions, interocular suppression, and impaired stereopsis. Previous work has also pointed to deficits in processing dynamic visual information, but it is unknown whether these deficits influence performance under binocular conditions. We examined the effects of temporal modulation on contrast sensitivity and binocular interactions in a preliminary study of 8 adults with amblyopia and 14 normally-sighted control subjects. For each observer, we measured interocular balance and stereopsis thresholds with binocular flicker across a range of four temporal (0, 4, 7.5, and 12 Hz) and spatial (1, 2, 4, and 8 cpd) frequencies. Interocular balance was estimated by varying the relative contrast of dichoptic letter pairs to produce perceptual reports of each letter with equal frequency, and stereopsis thresholds were measured by determining the minimum disparity at which subjects identified a front-depth target with 75% accuracy. Consistent with previous findings, we observed greater interocular imbalance and impaired stereoacuity at high spatial frequencies in amblyopes. In contrast, the effects of temporal frequency on performance were smaller: across both groups, interocular imbalance was largest at mid-to-low temporal frequencies, and stereopsis thresholds were unaffected by temporal frequency. Our results suggest that there may be a previously unreported effect of temporal frequency on interocular balance, as well as a possible dissociation between the effects of flicker on interocular balance and stereopsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.