ArticleThe Angle orthodontist2020
Airway and cephalometric changes in adult orthodontic patients after premolar extractions.
Article in The Angle orthodontist, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extraction of premolars in orthodontic treatment does not negatively affect upper airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area: a systematic review with meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Pooled it
- Volumetric changes in the upper airway on CBCT after dentofacial orthopedic interventions - a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone changes in skeletal class I malocclusion treated with extraction and non-extraction protocols: a comparative study of fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligners.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Building bridges from research outcomes to clinical practice decisions.The Angle orthodontist · 2025Article
- Correlation between anterior teeth retraction and pharyngeal airway dimension changes in bimaxillary protrusion cases.Journal of orthodontic science · 2025Article
- A comparative study of Twin-Block and van Beek Headgear-Activator on the three-dimensional morphology of the upper airway in growing children with mandibular retraction in skeletal class II malocclusion.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Observational
- Sleep disruption and premolar absence, NHANES, 2017-2020: A cross-sectional study.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space after orthodontic extraction treatment in class II malocclusion integrating with the subjective sleep quality assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Adaptive Changes in the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Following Large Retraction of Incisors During Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2022Article
- Oropharynx and hyoid bone changes in female extraction patients with distinct sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study.Head & face medicine · 2022Article
- Assessment of pharyngeal airway in Korean adolescents according to skeletal pattern, sex, and cervical vertebral maturation: A cross-sectional CBCT study.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2022Article
- Effect of Craniofacial Morphology on Pharyngeal Airway Volume Measured Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)-A Retrospective Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of pharyngeal airway in North Indian children with different skeletal patterns.World journal of radiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine changes in the airway and cephalometric measurements associated with orthodontic treatment of adults with and without premolar extractions. The study investigated whether extractions had a direct or indirect effect on the airway and examined selected skeletal and dental features. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective study used pre- (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography scans of 83 adult patients matched for age and sex. A total of 15 airway and 10 skeletal and dental measures were analyzed by means of repeated-measures analysis of variance.
resultsThere were no results showing that extractions affected airway dimensions that could not be accounted for as reflections of measurement error. There was no evidence that extractions affected the airway indirectly through skeletal and dental changes. There were strong and consistent findings that patients with small airways showed larger ones after treatment and that patients with large airways showed smaller ones later. These effects were independent of whether or not extractions were part of treatment. The measurement phenomena of regression toward the mean and of differential unfolding of natural changes over time could have accounted for the results observed.
conclusionsThere was no evidence that extractions in nongrowing patients have negative consequences on the size of various airway measures in the nasopharynx, retropalatal, or retroglossal regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.