ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2019
In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cerebral small vessel disease: The impact of glymphopathy and sleep disorders.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2025Review
- The glymphatic system in Huntington's disease.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2025Review
- Low-frequency auricular vagus nerve stimulation facilitates cerebrospinal fluid influx by promoting vasomotion.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Depleting parenchymal border macrophages alleviates cerebral edema and neuroinflammation following status epilepticus.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Aquaporins: Gatekeepers of Fluid Dynamics in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Altered brain glymphatic function on diffusion-tensor MRI in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: an exploratory study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Image analysis techniques for in vivo quantification of cerebrospinal fluid flow.Experiments in fluids · 2023Article
- Image Analysis Techniques for In Vivo Quantification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A SPECT-based method for dynamic imaging of the glymphatic system in rats.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke?Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation.eLife · 2023Article
- Fluid dynamics in aging-related dementias.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Review
- The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid is a significant fluid source for anoxic cerebral oedema.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Fluid transport in the brain.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Perivascular Spaces, Glymphatic System and MR.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cavitation as a Mechanism of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Current Debates, Methods, and Findings.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Direct Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Production in Mice.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Surface periarterial spaces of the mouse brain are open, not porous.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- Circadian control of brain glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled in vivo quantification of CSF flow but they are limited by reduced imaging volumes and low spatial resolution, respectively. Recent work has found that CSF enters the brain parenchyma through a network of perivascular spaces surrounding the pial and penetrating arteries of the rodent cortex. This perivascular entry of CSF is a primary driver of the glymphatic system, a pathway implicated in the clearance of toxic metabolic solutes (e.g., amyloid-β). Here, we illustrate a new macroscopic imaging technique that allows real-time, mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent CSF tracers through the intact skull of live mice. This minimally-invasive method facilitates a multitude of experimental designs and enables single or repeated testing of CSF dynamics. Macroscopes have high spatial and temporal resolution and their large gantry and working distance allow for imaging while performing tasks on behavioral devices. This imaging approach has been validated using two-photon imaging and fluorescence measurements obtained from this technique strongly correlate with ex vivo fluorescence and quantification of radio-labeled tracers. In this protocol, we describe how transcranial macroscopic imaging can be used to evaluate glymphatic transport in live mice, offering an accessible alternative to more costly imaging modalities.
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Registered trials
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