ArticleACS central science2019
Linked Toll-Like Receptor Triagonists Stimulate Distinct, Combination-Dependent Innate Immune Responses.
Article in ACS central science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of toll-like receptor agonists as therapeutic agents and vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases in animals: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Bacteria-mimicking cancer cells reprogram macrophages via multiple pattern recognition receptor pathways for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineering polymeric RNA scaffolds as programmable combinatorial innate immune agonists.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Programmable Antigen-Specific Immunity via Self-Adjuvanting Nanovaccines Co-Delivering Immune Modulators.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Review
- Co-Delivery of Multiple Toll-Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor response to Zika virus infection: progress toward infection control.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Linker Chemistry and Connectivity Fine-Tune the Immune Response and Kinetic Solubility of Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2024Article
- Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions Reprogram Dendritic Cells to Promote Type 1 Anti-Tumor Immunity.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Glycan-costumed virus-like particles promote type 1 anti-tumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Multivalent vaccines demonstrate immunogenicity and protect againstFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in the prevention of viral infections: an overview.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Covalently Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists Are Potent and Versatile Immune Potentiators.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptor Agonists and Their Nanomedicines for Tumor Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Magnitude and breadth of antibody cross-reactivity induced by recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimer vaccine is enhanced by combination adjuvants.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Interferon and interferon-stimulated genes in HBV treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Evolution of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist therapeutics and their delivery approaches: From antiviral formulations to vaccine adjuvants.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditional vaccination strategies have failed to generate effective vaccines for many infections like tuberculosis and HIV. New approaches are needed for each type of disease. The protective immunity and distinct responses of many successful vaccines come from activating multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Vaccines with multiple TLRs as adjuvants have proven effective in preclinical studies, but current research has not explored two important elements. First, few multi-TLR systems explore spatial organization-a critical feature of whole-cell vaccines. Second, no multi-TLR systems to date provide systematic analysis of the combinatorial space of three TLR agonists. Here, we present the first examination of the combinatorial space of several spatially defined triple-TLR adjuvants, by synthesizing a series of five triple-TLR agonists and testing their innate activity both
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.