ArticleEvolution, medicine, and public health2019
Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment.
Article in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- I tweet, therefore I am: a systematic review on social media use and disorders of the social brain.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Agency in schizophrenia and autism: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Narrative Review of Catatonia in Psychosis and Eating Disorders: Common Intersections and Treatment Considerations.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Concept of Autism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Historical Divergence and Phenomenological Rapprochement.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Review
- Social priors and mentalizing connectivity across autistic and schizotypal traits.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Rethinking the bodily self: evidence from the enfacement illusion in women at risk for eating disorders.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Intact Audiovisual Spatial Integration in Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Does Identifying with Another Face Alter Body Image Disturbance in Women with an Eating Disorder? An Enfacement Illusion Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Identifying overlapping and distinctive traits of autism and schizophrenia using machine learning classification.Cognitive neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Sensory and Multisensory Processing Changes and Their Contributions to Autism and Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Validation of the Hebrew version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in a sample of Israeli Hebrew speakers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- On the varieties of conscious experiences: Altered Beliefs Under Psychedelics (ALBUS).Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Altered representation of peripersonal and interpersonal space in psychopathology.Clinical psychology review · 2024Review
- Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Self/other distinction in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessed with a double mirror paradigm.PloS one · 2023Article
- On the Embodiment of Social Cognition Skills: The Inner and Outer Body Processing Differently Contributes to the Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- How selves differ within and across cognitive domains: self-prioritisation, self-concept, and psychiatric traits.BMC psychology · 2022Article
- Is Alexithymia the Link Between Anorexia and Autism Spectrum Disorders?Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2022Article
- Deficits in Sense of Body Ownership, Sensory Processing, and Temporal Perception in Schizophrenia Patients With/Without Auditory Verbal Hallucinations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Bottom-up vs. top-down connectivity imbalance in individuals with high-autistic traits: An electroencephalographic study.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans have evolved an elaborate system of self-consciousness, self-identity, self-agency, and self-embodiment that is grounded in specific neurological structures including an expanded insula. Instantiation of the bodily self has been most-extensively studied via the 'rubber hand illusion', whereby parallel stimulation of a hidden true hand, and a viewed false hand, leads to the felt belief that the false hand is one's own. Autism and schizophrenia have both long been regarded as conditions centrally involving altered development of the self, but they have yet to be compared directly with regard to the self and embodiment. Here, we synthesize the embodied cognition literature for these and related conditions, and describe evidence that these two sets of disorders exhibit opposite susceptibilities from typical individuals to the rubber hand illusion: reduced on the autism spectrum and increased in schizophrenia and other psychotic-affective conditions. Moreover, the opposite illusion effects are mediated by a consilient set of associated phenomena, including empathy, interoception, anorexia risk and phenotypes, and patterns of genetic correlation. Taken together, these findings: (i) support the diametric model of autism and psychotic-affective disorders, (ii) implicate the adaptive human system of self-embodiment, and its neural bases, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and suggest new therapies and (iii) experimentally ground Bayesian predictive coding models with regard to autism compared with psychosis. Lay summary: Humans have evolved a highly developed sense of self and perception of one's own body. The 'rubber hand illusion' can be used to test individual variation in sense of self, relative to connection with others. We show that this illusion is reduced in autism spectrum disorders, and increased in psychotic and mood disorders. These findings have important implications for understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.