Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31401790›Full record

ReviewCurrent diabetes reports2019

Genetic and Environmental Interaction in Type 1 Diabetes: a Relationship Between Genetic Risk Alleles and Molecular Traits of Enterovirus Infection?

Marfa Blanter, Helena Sork, Soile Tuomela, Malin Flodström-Tullberg

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current diabetes reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Role of genetic risk on progression to diabetes in children with acute pancreatitis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Narra J · 2025
    Article
  7. Influence of rsHealth science reports · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Type 1 diabetes - What's new in prevention and therapeutic strategies?Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2023
    Article
  15. Chemical Compounds and Ambient Factors Affecting Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Mass and Function: What Evidence?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. The missing heritability in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Marfa BlanterCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Helena SorkCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Soile TuomelaCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Malin Flodström-TullbergCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. malin.flodstrom-tullberg@ki.se.
Karolinska University Hospital · SEKarolinska Institutet · SERega Institute for Medical Research · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewWe provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the natural history of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the documented associations between virus infections (in particular the enteroviruses) and disease development. We review studies that examine whether T1D-specific risk alleles in genes involved in the function of the immune system can alter susceptibility to virus infections or affect the magnitude of the host antiviral response. We also highlight where the major gaps in our knowledge exist and consider possible implications that new insights gained from the discussed gene-environment interaction studies may bring. RECENT

findingsA commonality between several of the studied T1D risk variants studied is their role in modulating the host immune response to viral infection. Generally, little support exists indicating that the risk variants increase susceptibility to infection and moreover, they usually appear to predispose the immune system towards a hyper-reactive state, decrease the risk of infection, and/or favor the establishment of viral persistence. In conclusion, although the current number of studies is limited, this type of research can provide important insights into the mechanisms that are central to disease pathogenesis and further describe how genetic and environmental factors jointly influence the risk of T1D development. The latter may provide genetic markers that could be used for patient stratification and for the selection of method(s) for disease prevention.

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionAllelesAutoimmunityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1EnterovirusEnterovirus InfectionsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansInsulin-Secreting CellsPhenotypePolymorphism, GeneticAutoimmuneEnterovirusEnvironmentGenome-wide association studiesImmune systemType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID31401790
PMCPMC6689284
OpenAlexW2968652085

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.