ArticleBMJ open2019
Pathways to optimising antibiotic use in rural China: identifying key determinants in community and clinical settings, a mixed methods study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inventory of Survey Instruments for Monitoring Antimicrobial Use in Primary Care Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Prevalence, drivers and surveillance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in rural China: Interdisciplinary study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Differences in service and antibiotics use following symptomatic respiratory tract infections between 2016 and 2021 in rural Anhui, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Cluster randomised controlled trial to assess a tailored intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in rural China: study protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Relationships Between Diagnosis, Bacterial Isolation, and Antibiotic Prescription in Out Patients With Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms in Rural Anhui, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on primary health care and antibiotic prescribing in rural China: qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Clinical diagnosis and treatment of common respiratory tract infections in relation to microbiological profiles in rural health facilities in China: implications for antibiotic stewardship.BMC family practice · 2021Article
- Patients without records and records without patients: review of patient records in primary care and implications for surveillance of antibiotic prescribing in rural China.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Prescribing Antibiotics in Rural China: The Influence of Capital on Clinical Realities.Frontiers in sociology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study aims to investigate patterns of antibiotic treatment-seeking, describe current levels of and drivers for antibiotic use for common infections (respiratory tract and urinary tract infections) and test the feasibility of determining the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in rural areas of Anhui province, in order to identify potential interventions to promote antibiotic stewardship and reduce the burden of AMR in China. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct direct observations, structured and semistructured interviews in retail pharmacies, village clinics and township health centres to investigate treatment-seeking and antibiotic use. Clinical isolates from 1550 sputum, throat swab and urine samples taken from consenting patients at village and township health centres will be analysed to identify bacterial pathogens and ascertain antibiotic susceptibilities. Healthcare records will be surveyed for a subsample of those recruited to the study to assess their completeness and accuracy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The full research protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University (reference number: 20170271). Participation of patients and doctors is voluntary and written informed consent is sought from all participants. Findings from the study will be disseminated through academic routes including peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, via tailored research summaries for health professionals, health service managers and policymakers and through an end of project impact workshop with local and regional stakeholders to identify key messages and priorities for action.
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Registered trials
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