ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2019
T-cell phenotypes are associated with serum IgE levels in Amish and Hutterite children.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a pediatric immune cell atlas and characterization of CD4+ T cells in food allergy.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Farm Dust Extracts in a Mouse Model of Eosinophilic Inflammation.Allergy · 2026Article
- Farm exposure in infancy is associated with elevated systemic IgGScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- New insights into the mechanisms of childhood food allergies.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing the Farm Effect: Microbial Products for the Treatment and Prevention of Asthma Throughout Life.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- CD28 co-stimulation: novel insights and applications in cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Skin tape-strips in old order Mennonite toddlers reveal upregulated barrier markers and low T-helper inflammatory tone.Allergy · 2024Article
- Early-life respiratory infections and developmental immunity determine lifelong lung health.Nature immunology · 2023Review
- From Amish farm dust to bacterial lysates: The long and winding road to protection from allergic disease.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Oral exposure toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Physical health conditions of the Amish and intervening social mechanisms: an exhaustive narrative review.Ethnicity & health · 2022Review
- Emerging Insights into the Impact of Air Pollution on Immune-Mediated Asthma Pathogenesis.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2022Review
- Evolution, the Immune System, and the Health Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequality.mSystems · 2022Article
- Airway administration of OM-85, a bacterial lysate, blocks experimental asthma by targeting dendritic cells and the epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- The role of LPS and CpG in the farm effect against allergies, and beyond.Allergologie select · 2022Review
- The Interactions Between Autoinflammation and Type 2 Immunity: From Mechanistic Studies to Epidemiologic Associations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Microbiota and human allergic diseases: the company we keep.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- Microbiota, Epigenetics, and Trained Immunity. Convergent Drivers and Mediators of the Asthma Trajectory from Pregnancy to Childhood.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAmish children raised on traditional farms have lower atopy and asthma risk than Hutterite children raised on modern farms. In our previous study we established that the Amish environment affects the innate immune response to decrease asthma and atopy risk. Here we investigated T-cell phenotypes in the same Amish and Hutterite children as in our earlier study to elucidate how this altered innate immunity affects adaptive T cells.
methodsBlood was collected from 30 Amish and 30 Hutterite age- and sex-matched children; cells were cryopreserved until analysis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell subsets. Atopy was determined based on allergen-specific and total IgE levels.
resultsChildren exposed to Amish farms had increased activated regulatory CD4
conclusionAmish children's blood leukocytes are not only altered in their innate immune status but also have distinct T-cell phenotypes that are often associated with increased antigen exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.