Observational studyJACC. Heart failure2019
The Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients Living With Heart Failure and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Observational study in JACC. Heart failure, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Atherogenic Effects of Acute Electronic Cigarette Compared With Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in People Living With HIV: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- HIV Infection Is Associated With Variability in Ventricular Repolarization: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).Circulation · 2020Trial
- Major adverse cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality, among people living with and without HIV in two northern Uganda hospitals.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prolonged QT Interval in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice Treated Chronically with Dolutegravir/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association of human immunodeficiency virus with acute myocardial infarction and presumed sudden cardiac death.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- QTc interval prolongation and its associated factors among HIV infected patients on ART in Mettu Town.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- HIV-Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety-Net Setting.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Cardiac and Renal Comorbidities in Aging People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- HIV-Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety-Net Setting.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Getting to the cART of the Matter: Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Events With HIV Infection.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- HIV-Tat Exacerbates the Actions of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, and Ritonavir on Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2).International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Associated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- HIV-Related Myocardial Fibrosis: Inflammatory Hypothesis and Crucial Role of Immune Cells Dysregulation.Cells · 2022Review
- Prevention of heart failure, tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Outcomes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in HIV-infected patients: A single-center retrospective cohort study.Clinical cardiology · 2022Article
- Stimulant Drugs of Abuse and Cardiac Arrhythmias.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2022Review
- HIV Infection and the Risk of World Health Organization-Defined Sudden Cardiac Death.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Human immunodeficiency viral infection and differences in interstitial ventricular fibrosis and left atrial size.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2021Article
- Sudden Cardiac Death and Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection (PHIV) with heart failure (HF), who were hospitalized for HF, and the risk factors associated with it.
backgroundHF is associated with an increased risk for SCD. PHIV are at heightened risk for HF.
methodsThis was a retrospective study of 2,578 patients hospitalized with HF from a single academic center, of whom 344 were PHIV. The outcome of interest was SCD. Subgroup analyses were performed by strata of viral load (VL) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%, 35% to 49%, and ≥50%.
resultsOf 2,578 patients with HF, 2,149 (86%) did not have implantable cardioverter-defibrillators; of these, there were 344 PHIV and 1,805 uninfected control subjects. Among PHIV with HF, 313 (91%) were prescribed antiretroviral therapy and 64% were virally suppressed. There were 191 SCDs over a median follow-up period of 19 months. Compared with control subjects, PHIV had a 3-fold increase in SCD (21.0% vs. 6.4%; adjusted odds ratio: 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.78 to 4.24). Among PHIV, cocaine use, lower LVEF, absence of beta-blocker prescription, and VL were predictors of SCD. The SCD rate among PHIV with undetectable VL was similar to the rate among uninfected subjects. Similar findings were observed by LVEF strata. Among PHIV with HF without conventional indications for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, the rate of SCD was 10% per year.
conclusionsPHIV hospitalized with HF are at a markedly increased risk for SCD. SCD risk was increased in patients with lower LVEFs, lower CD4 counts, and higher VL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.