ArticleCytokine2020
Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines are of minor value to diagnose complications following lung transplantation.
Article in Cytokine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bronchoalveolar lavage for supporting acute cellular rejection in lung transplant recipients: A retrospective analysis.JHLT open · 2026Article
- BALF Lymphocyte and Cytokine Profiling as Biomarkers of Acute Rejection After Lung Transplantation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6 in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of acute cellular rejection (ACR) may improve long-term outcome for lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Cytokines have become valuable diagnostic tools in many medical fields. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines is of unknown value to diagnose ACR and distinguish rejection from infection. We hypothesized that distinct cytokine patterns obtained by surveillance bronchoscopies during the first year after transplantation are associated with ACR and microbiologic findings. We retrospectively analyzed data from 319 patients undergoing lung transplantation at University Hospital Zurich from 1998 to 2016. We compared levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α in 747 BAL samples with transbronchial biopsies (TBB) and microbiologic results from surveillance bronchoscopies. We aimed to define reference values that would allow distinction between four specific groups "ACR", "infection", "combined ACR and infection" and "no pathologic process". No definitive pattern was identified. Given the overlap between groups, these four cytokines are not suitable diagnostic markers for ACR or infection after lung transplantation.
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