ArticleEnvironmental management2019
Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal in Selangor, Malaysia-Policy, Public Perception, and Current Practices.
Article in Environmental management, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disposal of unnecessary and expired medicines in households: Practices and factors associated with proper medicine disposal using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Waste Management and Awareness at Household Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Katlehong and Lambton in Ekurhuleni Municipality.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines in Indonesia: nationwide evidence on public awareness and disposal practices across urban-rural and island disparities.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Wastewater as an Emerging Environmental Contaminant: Sustainable Treatment Strategies and Future Perspectives.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A University-Led Take-Back Program for Pharmaceutical Waste Management: Eleven Years of Real-World Evidence on Medication Non-Use and Disposal Patterns.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Global Academic Research on Drug Take-Back Programs.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disposal practices of unwanted household medications in China: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A systematic review of the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals and healthcare professional students towards household pharmaceutical waste disposal.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Review
- Disposal practice and determinants of unused medicines among the general public in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the prevalence of unused medicines at home and associated factors: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Medication Disposal Patterns and Practices with Awareness of Environmental Contamination Caused by Pharmaceuticals among the General Public in Malaysia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Patients' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward unused medications in Qatar: A cross-sectional survey.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The management of unused and expired medications in Thai households: Influencing factors and prevailing practices.PloS one · 2024Article
- Unused medicine take-back programmes: a systematic review.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Review
- Modified polymer membranes for the removal of pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater and its mechanism-A review.Bioengineered · 2023Review
- Event-related potentials for investigating the willingness to recycle household medical waste.Heliyon · 2023Article
- End-of-life management strategies of pharmaceuticals in Portuguese households.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2023Review
- Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem-A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Household Pharmaceutical Waste Management Practices in the Johannesburg Area, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Implementation of the circular supply chain management in the pharmaceutical industry.Environment, development and sustainability · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although pharmaceuticals treat illnesses and prevent diseases in humans and animals, ironically, they are now among the emerging pollutants in the environment. As individuals continue to consume medicines, households can become a primary source of pharmaceutical pollutants. This paper explains relevant Malaysian law and policy on the issue. Using a questionnaire survey, it also assesses public perception concerning the environmental impact of pharmaceutical waste and the current methods of disposal that are practiced in Selangor. The survey used a convenience sampling and the data collected were analysed using statistical descriptive analysis. Most of the participants were aware that pharmaceutical waste can have an adverse impact on the environment and public health. Half of the participants disposed of their pharmaceutical waste in trash bins. About 2.9% of the respondents poured their household pharmaceutical waste (HPW) directly down the drain, while 8.8% poured them down the sink in the kitchen or toilet. The study also discovered that while 73.8% of the respondents felt that HPW should be separated from other household solid waste, only 25.2% returned their medicinal waste through the medicine return-back programme. The majority of the respondents (82.5%) agreed that information concerning the proper disposal of HPW is insufficient. The study concludes that while the respondents were aware of the adverse impact of HPW, their practices to ensure proper disposal is discouraging. There is a need for effective unwanted medicines return-back programme as a more prudent disposal method of HPW to avoid any risk to the environment or human health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.