ArticleScientific reports2019
Anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit immune checkpoints in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beneficial effects of a high-anthocyanin diet versus a Westernized diet on colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review: Quercetin-Secondary Metabolite of the Flavonol Class, with Multiple Health Benefits and Low Bioavailability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Glycosylated Delphinidins, Natural Antioxidants, Functionally Modulate the COX-2/PGEAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Natural Compounds as Epimodulators in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- Target-Centric Multiplexed Screening of an Herbal Extract Identifies a Novel Dual AACS central science · 2026Article
- Targeting cancer with delphinidin: from molecular insights to therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Nutraceutical Potential of Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Treatise.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Updated Review on Natural Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Effects, and Clinical Applications for Cancer Management.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Characterization of Anthocyanins Including Acetylated Glycosides from Highbush Blueberry (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chemodiversity, biosynthetic regulation, and functional roles ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Bee Pollen as a Source of Biopharmaceuticals for Neurodegeneration and Cancer Research: A Scoping Review and Translational Prospects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Natural Products and Altered Metabolism in Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting Cancer Hallmarks Using Selected Food Bioactive Compounds: Potentials for Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antitumor Effects of an Anthocyanin-Rich Grain Diet in a Mouse Model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer growth via delphinidin-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- The Role of Cyanidin-3-Nutrients · 2023Article
- Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements: A Nutraceutical Perspective and Micro-/Nano-Strategies for Enhanced Bioavailability.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective was to assess anti-progression and stimulatory immune response effects among anthocyanins (ANC) and their metabolites on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Pure phenolics including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G) and its metabolites, delphinidin (DC) and gallic acid (GA), were tested alone or in combination, on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells (100-600 µg/mL). HCT-116 and HT-29 50% inhibition concentrations (µg/mL) were 396 ± 23 and 329 ± 17 for D3G; 242 ± 16 and >600 for DC; and 154 ± 5 and 81 ± 5 for GA, respectively. Using molecular docking, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) showed the highest potential to inhibit immune checkpoints: programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (-6.8 kcal/mol) and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) (-9.6 kcal/mol). C3G, D3G, DC, GA, and D3G-rich extracts decreased PD-L1 protein expression in HCT-116 cells. C3G decreased PD-L1 fluorescence intensity by 39%. ANC decreased PD-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in monoculture by 41% and 55%, and co-culture with HCT-116 and HT-29 cells by 39% and 26% (C3G) and 50% and 51% (D3G), respectively. D3G and C3G, abundant in plant foods, showed potential for binding with and inhibiting immune checkpoints, PD-1 and PD-L1, which can activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death.
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Registered trials
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