ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2019
Exosomal PD-L1 promotes tumor growth through immune escape in non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 251 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in reproductive biology and disorders: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Advancements and trends in exosome research in lung cancer from a bibliometric analysis (2004-2023).Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers and factors in small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 antibodies ± other therapies in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice · 2023Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicle Protein Panel Enables Early Lung Cancer Detection in a Large Clinical Cohort.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Trial
- From Tumour to Bloodstream: Advancing PD-L1 Testing With Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology · 2026Review
- Lung tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma for Predicting Anti-PD-1 Antibody Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Exosomes in cancer drug resistance: dual roles in therapy failure and emerging precision therapeutics.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Tissue derived extracellular vesicles advance from disease mechanisms to clinical application.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Immune Regulation and the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Effects of Tumor Microenvironment on Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Bidirectional Regulatory Mechanisms.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting the ANXA2-CD63-exosomal PD-L1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel mechanism of immune evasion and its implications for precision immunotherapy.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Tissue-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Regulators of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Disease.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Novel Blood-Based Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Biomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer Identified via Proximity Extension Assay.Cancers · 2026Article
- Cholangiocarcinoma derived exosomes attenuate the anti-tumor functions of NK cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor Exosomal L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Aptamer-Engineered Ellipsometry for Clinical Detection of BALF-Derived Exosomes: Multi-Level Engineering for Prognostic Evaluation of Immunotherapy Responses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway blockade is a promising new cancer therapy. Although PD-1/PD-L1 treatment has yielded clinical benefits in several types of cancer, further studies are required to clarify predictive biomarkers for drug efficacy and to understand the fundamental mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between host and tumor cells. Here, we show that exosomes derived from lung cancer cells express PD-L1 and play a role in immune escape by reducing T-cell activity and promoting tumor growth. The abundance of PD-L1 on exosomes represented the quantity of PD-L1 expression on cell surfaces. Exosomes containing PD-L1 inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by Jurkat T cells. IFN-γ secretion was restored by PD-L1 knockout or masking on the exosomes. Both forced expression of PD-L1 on cells without PD-L1 and treatment with exosomes containing PD-L1 enhanced tumor growth in vivo. PD-L1 was present on exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and its abundance in exosomes was correlated with PD-L1 positivity in tumor tissues. Exosomes can impair immune functions by reducing cytokine production and inducing apoptosis in CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.