ArticleBMC public health2019
Cost-effectiveness of childhood pneumococcal vaccination program in Ethiopia: results from a quasi-experimental evaluation.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Characteristics and Quality Appraisal of the Economic Evaluations Done in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of scope and quality of health economic evaluations conducted in Ethiopia.Health policy and planning · 2022Pooled it
- Inclusion of Additional Unintended Consequences in Economic Evaluation: A Systematic Review of Immunization and Tuberculosis Cost-Effectiveness Analyses.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2021Pooled it
- Cost of Nine Pediatric Infectious Illnesses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cost-of-Illness Studies.PharmacoEconomics · 2020Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness evaluation of a radio campaign to improve full vaccination coverage among children under-five in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Supply, demand and use of economic evidence in vaccine policymaking in Africa: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Multidimensional analysis of costs and outcomes in a Colombian cohort of pediatricHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal variation of pneumonia incidence among under-five children in central gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013- 2022.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Determinants of pneumococcal vaccination dropout among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Spatial variation and predictors of incomplete pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) uptake among children aged 12-35 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analyses.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of a maternal pneumococcal vaccine in low-income, high-burden settings such as Sierra Leone.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in The Gambia: health impact, cost effectiveness and budget implications.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in children under five in southern Ethiopia.F1000Research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEthiopia was among the 15 countries that, together accounted for 64% of the world's severe episodes of pneumonia among children below the age of 5 in 2011. To reduce this burden, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 10) was introduced into the general childhood national immunization program in Ethiopia in 2011. However, there is little evidence on its cost-effectiveness, and the aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of PCV 10 vaccination in the Ethiopian setting.
methodsThe cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out based on a quasi-experimental evaluation of implementing PCV 10 at the Butajira rural health program site in Ethiopia. The intervention and the control groups consisted 876 and 1010 children, respectively. Using data from program site's surveillance system database as a framework, health outcome and vaccination data were collected from medical records, immunization registration books and reports. Disability- Adjusted Life Year (DALY) was a main health outcome metric complimented by incidence of acute lower respiratory infection/1000-person years. Vaccination and treatment costs were collected by document review and cross-sectional household survey.
resultsIn the intervention cohort, 626 of 876 (71.5%) children received PCV 10 vaccination. Until the first year of life, the incidence of acute lower respiratory infection was higher in the intervention group. After the first year of life, the incidence rate was 35.2 per 1000-person years in the intervention group compared to 60.4 per 1000-person years in the control group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per averted DALY for the intervention group during the total follow-up period was (2013 US$) 394.3 (undiscounted) and 413.8 (discounted). The ICER per averted DALY excluding the first year of life was (2013 US$) 225 (undiscounted) and 292.7 (discounted).
conclusionCompared to the WHO's suggested cost-effectiveness threshold value, the results indicate that the general childhood PCV 10 vaccination was a cost-effective intervention in the Butajira rural health program site.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.