Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31398323›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2019

Enhancer Features that Drive Formation of Transcriptional Condensates.

Krishna Shrinivas, Benjamin R Sabari, Eliot L Coffey, Isaac A Klein, Ann Boija, Alicia V Zamudio, Jurian Schuijers, Nancy M Hannett, Phillip A Sharp, Richard A Young and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
254citing papers in PubMed
19.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

254 citing papers in PubMed, 418 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Nonlinearities and Switch-Like Behavior in Gene Expression: From Genetics to Biochemistry and Back.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Combinatorial decision-making driven by multicomponent surface condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Chemical reviews · 2026
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Krishna ShrinivasDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Benjamin R SabariWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Eliot L CoffeyWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Isaac A KleinWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Ann BoijaWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Alicia V ZamudioWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jurian SchuijersWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Nancy M HannettWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Phillip A SharpDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: sharppa@mit.edu.
Richard A YoungWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: young@wi.mit.edu.
Arup K ChakrabortyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: arupc@mit.edu.
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USDana-Farber Cancer Institute · US

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MATTHEW G. VANDER HEIDEN · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
USE OF RETROVIRUS PROMOTER TRAP VECTORS TO IDENTIFY ONCOGENES AND ANTI-ONCOGENESP01CA042063 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI JACKS, TYLER E. · 1986 to 2021
$30.5M
Physician Scientist Training in Cancer ResearchT32CA009172 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE · PI Jennifer R Brown, James A. DeCaprio · 1985 to 2026
$17.1M
REGULATION OF MRNA PROCESSINGR01GM034277 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SHARP, PHILLIP A · 1985 to 2021
$8.0M
Transcriptional regulatory networks in living cellsR01GM123511 · NIGMS · WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES · PI YOUNG, RICHARD · 2017 to 2020
$3.6M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA042063NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009172NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM123511
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enhancers are DNA elements that are bound by transcription factors (TFs), which recruit coactivators and the transcriptional machinery to genes. Phase-separated condensates of TFs and coactivators have been implicated in assembling the transcription machinery at particular enhancers, yet the role of DNA sequence in this process has not been explored. We show that DNA sequences encoding TF binding site number, density, and affinity above sharply defined thresholds drive condensation of TFs and coactivators. A combination of specific structured (TF-DNA) and weak multivalent (TF-coactivator) interactions allows for condensates to form at particular genomic loci determined by the DNA sequence and the complement of expressed TFs. DNA features found to drive condensation promote enhancer activity and transcription in cells. Our study provides a framework to understand how the genome can scaffold transcriptional condensates at specific loci and how the universal phenomenon of phase separation might regulate this process.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticTranscription, GeneticAnimalsBase SequenceBinding SitesChromatinDNADNA-Binding ProteinsGene Expression RegulationGenomicsMiceMouse Embryonic Stem CellsTranscription FactorsChromatinDNADNA-Binding ProteinsTranscription Factorscoactivatorcondensatecooperativityenhancermultivalencephase separationregulatory elementspecificitytranscriptiontranscription factor

Identifiers

PMID31398323
PMCPMC6690378
OpenAlexW2968775930

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.