ArticlePloS one2019
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from pediatric neuroblastoma display heterogeneity of phenotype and function.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma and Immunotherapeutic Approaches: Towards More Effective Treatment.Cancers · 2026Review
- Jurkat T-Cell Antigen-Independent Elimination of PMA-Activated Neuroblastoma Cells Is Triggered by CCL2/CCR2, Depends Upon Lipid Raft LFA1/ICAM1 Immune Synapses, Is Mediated by m-TRAIL and Is Augmented by the TrkAIII Oncoprotein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- γδ T cells are the prime antitumoral T cells in pediatric neuroblastoma.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- T cells in the microenvironment of solid pediatric tumors: the case of neuroblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Expansion of tumor-infiltrating and marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes from pediatric malignant solid tumors.Cytotherapy · 2025Article
- The neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment: From an in-depth characterization towards novel therapies.EJC paediatric oncology · 2024Article
- Engineering Challenges and Opportunities in Autologous Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- Adoptive cell therapy in paediatric extracranial solid tumours: current approaches and future challenges.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2023Review
- Enhancing the effectiveness of γδ T cells by mRNA transfection of chimeric antigen receptors or bispecific T cell engagers.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy based on CDJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- The immune cell atlas of human neuroblastoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- miR-15a and miR-15b modulate natural killer and CD8Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- A Simple and Robust Single-Step Method for CAR-Vδ1 γδT Cell Expansion and Transduction for Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Why do tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have variable efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Diagnosis, grading and management of toxicities from immunotherapies in children, adolescents and young adults with cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- Characteristics of Malignant Pleural Effusion Resident CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Review
- Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: Beyond Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy.Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has led to clinical benefit in some patients with melanoma but has not demonstrated convincing efficacy in other solid cancers. Whilst the presence of TILs in many types of cancer is often associated with better clinical prognosis, their function has not been systematically evaluated across cancer types. Responses to immunological checkpoint inhibitors in a wide range of cancers, including those for which adoptive transfer of expanded TILs has not shown clinical benefit, has clearly delineated a number of tumor type associated with tumor-reactive lymphocytes capable of effecting tumor remissions. Neuroblastoma is an aggressive childhood solid cancer in which immunotherapy with GD2-directed antibodies confers a proven survival advantage through incompletely understood mechanisms. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of ex vivo expansion of TILs from freshly resected neuroblastoma tumors and the potential therapeutic utility of TIL expansions. TILs were successfully expanded from both tumor biopsies or resections. Significant numbers of NKT and γδT cells were identified alongside the mixed population of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper (CD4+) T cells of both effector and central memory phenotypes. Isolated TILs were broadly non-reactive against autologous tumor and neuroblastoma cell lines, so enhancement of neuroblastoma killing was attained by transducing TILs with a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting GD2. CAR-TILs demonstrated antigen-specific cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. This study is the first to show reproducible expansion of TILs from pediatric neuroblastoma, the high proportion of innate-like lymphocytes, and the feasibility to use CAR-TILs therapeutically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.