ArticleNPJ vaccines2019
Successful application of prime and pull strategy for a therapeutic HSV vaccine.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Protective immunity in hamsters from an oral Nipah vaccine correlates with pseudovirus neutralising antibody titre.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Human Papillomavirus Infection: From Viral Clearance to Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- Biodegradable Polymers for Application as Robust Immunomodulatory Biomaterial Carrier Systems.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Exogenous IFN-α delivered as an intranasal adjunct to systemic vaccination directs vaccine-specific T-cell responses to the upper respiratory tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Activation and Long-Term Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Central Nervous System: A Double-Edged Sword?CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A scoping review on the importance of vaccination strategies targeting skin imprinting for arthropod-borne diseases.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- AnScience immunology · 2025Article
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- A vaccine against cytomegalovirus: how close are we?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Therapeutic prime/pull vaccination of HSV-2-infected guinea pigs with the ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RR2) protein and CXCL11 chemokine boosts antiviral local tissue-resident and effector memory CD4Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- A single-dose of intranasal vaccination with a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate promotes protective mucosal and systemic immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One promising approach for a herpes simplex virus vaccine uses a vaccine to prime and a chemoattractant to pull immune cells into the genital tract. We evaluated subunit vaccines (prime) and imiquimod (pull) in the guinea pig (gp) model of recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2). Following vaginal HSV-2 infection, gps were vaccinated with various combination of glycoproteins and adjuvant with or without subcutaneous or local applications of imiquimod after infection. Animals were examined daily for recurrent lesions and vaginal swabs collected for recurrent shedding. Although both the vaccines alone and imiquimod alone reduced recurrent HSV disease, the combination of local imiquimod and vaccine (Prime and Pull) was the most effective. In the first study, immunization with the trivalent vaccine alone or imiquimod alone decreased recurrent disease. However, the largest decrease was with the combination of vaccine and local imiquimod (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.