ReviewFrontiers in physiology2019
Sex Difference in Triathlon Performance.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Triathletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of swimming intensity on performance in subsequent sprint triathlon: a sex-based analysis in amateur athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Modeling Pe2rformance in IRONMANSports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in the world's longest triathlon in history.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cycling and Running are More Predictive of Overall Race Finish Time than Swimming in IRONMANSports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Analysis of the 50-mile ultramarathon distance using a predictive XGBoost model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Article
- Sex-related differences in the acute physiological response to a high-intensity CrossFit® workout.Current research in physiology · 2025Article
- Beneficial Physiological and Metabolic Effects with Acute Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 4 h of Indoor Cycling in a Male Ironman Athlete: A Case Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Comparing the Performance Gap Between Males and Females in the Older Age Groups in IRONMAN® 70.3: An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study of More Than 800,000 Race Records.Sports medicine - open · 2023Article
- Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Adjusted for Skeletal Muscle Mass in Amateur Endurance Athletes: A Cross Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Physiological Features of Olympic-Distance Amateur Triathletes, as Well as Their Associations with Performance in Women and Men: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Machine Learning Approach to Finding the Fastest Race Course for Professional Athletes Competing in IronmanInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Amateur Female Athletes Perform the Running Split of a Triathlon Race at Higher Relative Intensity than the Male Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex differences and athletic performance. Where do trans individuals fit into sports and athletics based on current research?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- The Performance, Physiology and Morphology of Female and Male Olympic-Distance Triathletes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Contribution of Segments to Overall Result in Elite Triathletes: Sprint Distance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This brief review investigates how sex influences triathlon performance. Performance time for both Olympic distance and Ironman distance triathlons, and physiological considerations are discussed for both elite and non-elite male and female triathletes. The relative participation of female athletes in triathlon has increased over the last three decades, and currently represents 25-40% of the total field. Overall, the sex difference in both Olympic and Ironman distance triathlon performance has narrowed across the years. Sex difference differed with exercise mode and exercise duration. For non-elite Ironman triathletes, the sex difference in swimming time (≈12%) is lower than that which was evidenced for cycling (≈15%) and running (≈18%). For elite triathletes, sex difference in running performance is greater for Olympic triathlon (≈14%) than it is for Ironman distance triathlon (≈7%). Elite Ironman female triathletes have reduced the gap to their male counterparts to less than 10% for the marathon. The sex difference in triathlon performance is likely to be due to physiological (e.g., VO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.