SynthesisNutrients2019
Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants' Growth: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Adolescent mothers' body composition and metabolic hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) in blood and human milk: associations with infant body composition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Bioactive-Supplemented Infant Formulas and Early Gut-Immune-Endocrine Development: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of human milk leptin with maternal obesity and early infant weight trajectories.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Elevating Testosterone and Androstenedione Produces Temporary Sex-Dependent Variation in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Embryonic Development.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2025Article
- Primiparity, older maternal age, COVID-19 pandemic, twin birth, and winter birth are associated with lower exclusive breastfeeding in Japanese mothers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Safer breastfeeding with a wearable sensor for monitoring maternal acetaminophen transfer through breast milk.Device · 2025Article
- The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Relevance of Milk Composition to Human Longitudinal Growth from Infancy Through Puberty: Facts and Controversies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Influence of Lactation Stage on Content of Neurotrophic Factors, Leptin, and Insulin in Human Milk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Correlation between Breastfeeding, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Childhood Obesity.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Donor human milk: the influence of processing technologies on its nutritional and microbial composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Review
- Meager Milk: Lasting Consequences for Adult Daughters of Primiparous Mothers Among Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Article
- Does human milk composition predict later risk of obesity? A systematic review.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense!Hormones and behavior · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants' and children's growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants' growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.